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The Sistine Chapel During the Renaissance period, there were many great artistic achievements that were incredible. Michelangelo Buonarroti was one of the most famous personalities from this era. He was an accomplished artist, sculptor, architect, and poet who created many astounding works. Some of his great accomplishments were his sculptures of David and the Pieta. He is probably most remembered for painting the ceiling at the Sistine Chapel in Rome. It has been called the most incredible achievement in the Western World.
Michelangelo began this endeavor in the fall of 1508 to 1512; during this time he painted some of the finest pictorial images of all time. The Sistine Chapel is located in Vatican which is home to many historic land marks, and museums. Vatican is also the home of the Pope and is a well know historic catholic city. According to the World Book Encyclopedia 1999 vol. 18 "The Sistine Chapel is a simple building, 134 ft long by 44 ft wide and 85 ft tall. " But it has on it's ceilings and walls some of the greatest art ever produced. "Brilliant artist's of the late 1400 's decorated the walls with paintings that tell the stories of Moses and Christ." (World Book 476 Vol 17).
On the ceiling are Biblical stories painted by the great artist Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512. According to Charles Store the author of the book Michelangelo the Sistine ceiling "the ceiling tells the history of the creation of the world, the fall of humanity, and the flood." On the Wall above the altar is probably the most famous painting in the chapel and it is called the last judgment, a painting over 50 ft tall and 30 ft wide. Michelangelo worked on the last judgment for an entire 5 years. According to Michael Hirst the author of The Sistine Chapel A glorious Restoration "This chapel was also decorated by many of the great artist's of the time which include Sandro Botticelli, Luck Signorelli, and Perugino. All of these walls which were decorated by these men show the history of the World according to the Bible.
This wonderful, amazing piece of work took sixty eight years to accomplish, from the ground breaking until the final touches were placed on the extraordinary art work. This Terrific piece of art still to this day is inspiring artists of out time. Pope Sixtus IV, of the della Revere family, is known throughout history as a great scholar who spurred humanistic and religious learning during his reign. One of his greatest achievements was the decision to build a new papal Chapel that was as strong as a fortress. It was named the Sistine Chapel and it became the capital of Western Christendom.
It was damaged in 1504 when a collapse in its structure caused a large crack to appear in the ceiling. Pope Julius II, Sixtus nephew, succeeded him in 1503 he decided that the most important Chapel in Christendom must be renovated. He wanted to replace the existing ceiling, which was a galaxy of silver stars on a blue ceiling. Julius decided that Michelangelo would be the one that would repaint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. In April 1508, Julius II summoned Michelangelo back to Rome; he thought the Pope was summoning him to tell him to continue with the statue for Julius tomb.
The Pope didnt want to talk about the project; he had a new one in mind for Michelangelo, a huge fresco painting for the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo didnt want the project because he knew it was an impossible task and one that would require him to forgo his true love, sculpting. Julius chief architect, Bramante didnt like the idea of Michelangelo being considered for the job. He questioned Michelangelo's lack of experience with painting figures and designing them in foreshortening, which he felt was essential for ceiling decoration. He also questioned whether Michelangelo had the courage to take on such a huge task. After Michelangelo had gotten word of Bramante's negative statements of his abilities and character, he dropped an important fresco commitment in Florence and took on the task of repainting the famed Sistine Chapel.
This may have been the start of the Bramante-Michelangelo feud that spanned many years afterwards. Michelangelo worked on the ceiling from July 1508 to October 31, 1512. He hired five assistants to aid him in the painting process. However the work did not proceed as the master wished, and he soon fired all of his assistants, removed what had already been painted and, between the end of 1508 and January 1509, recommenced the whole enterprise on his own. Michelangelo painted three hundred and thirty-six assorted figures on the Sistine ceiling.
This was an incredible feat and in the present, three hundred thirty-five and one-half of these figures still remain. Michelangelo had turned the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to one of the greatest artistic feats of the Renaissance or any period in time. The paintings on the ceiling are done in fresco, which is an incredibly difficult process. It has been described by many artists to be the most manly form of great painting methods where only the most confident and talented artists could excel. The fresco method of painting is similar to the lore of Michelangelo, almost mythical and larger than life. The method of fresco painting is somewhat simplistic, but incredibly difficult to master.
An area of wet plaster is laid down on a specifically prepared ground and then the artists paints on it. The colors of the pigments applied to he plaster fuse together while it dries. The result is a beautiful union of colors and plaster that cannot be matched by any other method of painting. Each area of the plaster that is to be painted is called a giornale, a days work. The problems of fresco painting are somewhat obvious. The time that the artist has to apply the paint is very limited and it usually means that the artist has only one attempt to successfully accomplish their objective before it dries.
The artists first brushstroke is incredibly important because of this major time constraint. Fresco is obviously not suited for the faint hearted. The advantages of fresco must be seen first hand to truly understand its beauty. Michelangelo was a master of fresco painting because of the skill and efficiency of his technique.
All the paintings on the ceiling were all connected to the Bible. The idea of Salvation underlies the whole ceiling. He devised an intricate system of decoration that included nine paintings which then consisted of three trilogies, the History and the Creation of the World, the History of Adam, and the History of Noah, the second Adam. The pictures in the lower spheres account the history of Man under the Law of God. On the thrones were the Prophets and Sibyls, who God chose to foresee and announce Salvation.
The Ancestors of Jesus Christ were painted in triangles of the lunettes, which included the generations from Abraham to Joseph. They were painted in the same order that was detailed in the Genealogy of Christ in Saint Mathews Gospel. They were all connected with the Virgin Mary whom the Sistine Chapel was actually dedicated to. In the last areas of the ceiling, the concave triangles in the corners were the four miraculous salvation's of the Chosen People from great perils. These were the stories of David, Judith, Harman, and the Brazen Serpent, which are all symbols of the promised Salvation. All of these paintings infer this religious idea of Salvation.
It presented a new sense of nature and the supernatural, of image-form and vision. It provides a sense of unity rather than an interchange between the Old and New testaments that were on opposite sides of the Chapel. This was basically the scheme of Michelangelo in his desire to decorate the ceiling. When one enters the Sistine Chapel, the paintings on the ceiling do not follow a chronological order. Actually, the first image that comes to the eye is The Drunkenness of Noah, which is last image of the sequence. The last composition that is seen is The Separation of Light and Dark, which is the first image in the sequence of the Genesis.
So what one sees is the reverse order of chronological events which eliminates the sense of time and focuses more on the context of ideas present. This system gives a step by step account of a literary epic (the Bible), but does it in a way so that the person gets a sense of the motifs and messages in a unified whole. Time is not a factor so there is no end and no beginning; the viewer is just allowed to concentrate on the content of the paintings. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel took Michelangelo four years to complete. That just seems like too short a time period for him to accomplish such a huge and remarkable feat. It is even more incredible if other factors are considered, such as the interruptions and delays that plagued the painting of the ceiling: the fresco method of painting which requires much patience and planning, accidents and their repair, illness of painters, the absence of the Pope from Rome such as in the fall of 1510, and Michelangelo stopping work in order to get the payment from his patron in February of 1511.
The durability and almost mystical nature of fresco painting is very much a part of the essence of the ceiling. The efficiency of Michelangelo's painting technique is yet another factor. The whole basis for the content of the paintings and the system in which they would be arranged is a whole story in itself. It is obvious though that the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is one of the greatest works in the history of art.
I feel that it is Michelangelo Buonarottis greatest achievement considering, that he also sculpted the Pieta and the David. I have never seen the Sistine Chapel in person but I think that it would be an incredible sight to behold. I think that it is one of the greatest accomplishments in the Renaissance era and it is also a testament to the greatness of its creator, Michelangelo. Word count: 1707 Bibliography: John Russell and the Editors of Time-Life Books, eds. , The World of Michelangelo.
New York: Time-Life, 1979. Else, Albert E. The Purposes of Art. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1991. Pfeiffer, John E.
The Creative exposition: An inquiry into the Origins of Art and Religion. Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University Press, 1995. Blocker, H. Gene. Philosophy of Art.
New York: Scribner's, 1996.
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