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Example research essay topic: Codes Of Ethics Junk Mail - 1,791 words

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The Importance of Professional Bodies and Organizations in computing. Taking into account the development of computer and software industry nowadays, we may clearly state that Professional bodies and organizations have a great share and importance in this process. In this research we are going to figure out what are the specific issues that are being solved by the bodies and organizations to help the development process, that make them so important. Professional bodies are needed to protect not only the interests of society as a whole but also those of their own members- and sometimes those members may need to act against the law to protect all these interests. This is the view of Richard Jennings, a teacher of professional practice and ethics to computer scientists at Cambridge University and a recent contributor to the BCS ethics committees examination of the society's codes of conduct and practice. One of the core questions to ask in order to start the research is why do we have professional organisations?

One important reason is to get people with a common interest together, to share experiences and help each other. Once formed, professional bodies gradually move on to some sort of regulation of their fields. This is because we have a pride in our work we want to do it well and we want others to carry following practice. (Jennings) Even so, there is an element of self-interest Without self-regulation, there is a chance that government or society will regulate and do a worse job than the profession itself. But professionals do have obligations, Jennings says.

These arise basically from our superior knowledge of our field- we know things that can happen, that others dont know. For example, in IT business it is well known issue of how intimate surveillance can get, how closely people can be tracked in their normal daily activities. People may not realise the significance of controlled circuit TV, for example- that this is the leading edge of the Big Brother wedge. Arguably it is necessary to make the possibilities public, according to Jennings. We have adult of care here.

The BCS royal charter says we have a duty to inform the public. (Jennings) But he warns: It is also important for us to inform the public, lest they see the profession as a body of people out to promote their own self-interest. There has recently been a growing undercurrent of disenchantment with science, a perception that scientists dont seem to be reacting to public concerns. It is not a clearly necessary notion happening in the computing profession. We must be seen to.

be acting in the interests of society as a whole. Our obligation to the public is in our own self-interest. (Jennings) Professionals also engage with the law, as Jennings puts it- and although this is generally to help law makers, it can create conflict in extreme cases. We as professionals, with ethical concerns, need to see if a law is satisfactory, and if the consequences of proposed laws will be as envisioned. (Jennings) There may be a consideration for the BCS Code of Conduct here: Jennings says the US Association for Computing Machinery's (ACM) code says that a member must obey laws unless there is a compelling ethical reason not to. The ACM code says that sometimes laws may be immoral or inappropriate and should be challenged- but it adds that if one chooses to violate a law because it is unethical, one must accept the consequences for ones own actions, he says in the BCS. The problem with codes of ethics is that the people who need them most dont use them. But that hasnt stopped two prominent organizations for finance and investor-relations professionals from recently reworking their codes of ethics.

In the wake of major ethical lapses at Enron and Andersen, the National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI) and Financial Executives International (FEI) have created new codes that spell out the ethical responsibilities of members and instruct them to be more proactive in addressing ethics issues in their organizations. The NIRI code is now written in the first person, says NIRI head Louis Thompson, so that its a personal commitment rather than just an agreement to a statement of principles. (Thompson) The new code states that members will create equal access for analysts, investors, and the media. At the FEI, the changes have been modest, but no less important, according to Richard Schrader, CFO of Parsons Brinckerhoff and an author of the new FEI code. What this revised code really says is that if you feel something is unethical, step forward and do the right thing, he says.

The code wont stop the unethical person, but its important for an organization to have a statement of values. Members have been asked to sign the code and deliver it to their audit committees. FEI is also looking at ways to beef up its enforcement authority. As a voluntary organization, it is not proper to force someone to come to a hearing, according to Schrader. Codes of ethics are useful as guideposts for members, says Lynn Paine, a professor of management at Harvard Business School.

But, she adds, a written code is not sufficient to be a responsible company or organization. The mistake comes when people think a code will stop someone from doing something wrong that they were going to do anyway. (Goodman) Having discovered the overall necessity of the professional bodies and organizations we have to strike another important issue in our topic, which is the issue of SPAM e-mail. The first thing to realize is that there are several different sources of junk mail, and there are different things you have to do for each of them. There are some broad-band tools you can use to stop a lot of junk mail at once, but these miss some important categories.

For the rest, until you figure out why you got a particular piece of mail, you can not take the action that will prevent its recurrence. Its important to realize that some companies maintain their own lists, while other companies buy the lists they mail to. In the first case, you have to talk to the company that is sending the mail, and in the second, you have to talk to whoever they bought your name from. Here we may investigate some approaches that are being implemented by the professionals in the field.

One approach attempts to stop all the unsolicited mail at once. The good part of this approach is that its not much work, the drawback is that you may stop receiving some mail that you wanted, but were only getting as a side-effect of something else. There are several different organizations you can contact, including the Direct Marketing Association, an organization of direct mailers and a few companies that charge a fee for individually contacting companies that are sending you mail. Among the companies that have their own lists are local merchants who like to send out periodic reminders, and the national firms that send out twice weekly piles of advertising to all postal patrons, The two big companies in this latter business are ADVO (Shop Wi$e), and Harte Hanks (Potpourri).

You will not be able to tell which pieces are coming from mailers who have you directly on their lists until you have reduced your junk mail to a level that makes it worthwhile to individually call the sources of the mail you get. Val-Pak is another distributor. They send out envelopes filled with coupons. They have a web site at valsad. net, but the email addresses that are supposed to get you off (or on) their lists are currently bouncing. Unsolicited commercial e-mail (UCE or spam) is a major problem for the online industry and a common source of consumer frustration.

However, a targeted and monitored e-mail advertising campaign can be an invaluable marketing exercise for businesses. Organisations such as the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) run preference services for fax, telephone and e-mail marketers. The DMA maintains registers of individuals who have indicated that they do not wish to receive unsolicited correspondence and these should be consulted before commencing a marketing campaign. Companies should also regularly check their databases against the DMA lists.

The DMA issues voluntary codes of practice which regulate the conduct of marketing campaigns and eMMa has a charter for e-marketing businesses to follow. The content of any e-mails sent out will also be subject to general advertising regulations and should not infringe the Advertising Standards Authority Codes. I believe that organizations, large and small, still play major roles in the shape of computing in North America. And the professional organizations and bodies in computing have a great deal of help for the development. This is because if there were not such kind of organizations, people would have many problems establishing the correct patterns in the field. On the production side, huge firms like Microsoft, Apple, Sun, Hewlett-Packard and IBM play major roles in selling computer software and hardware.

While a gifted designer might conceive of the fundamental features of new kinds of software, it will become commonplace through sales to millions of computer users only with the following work of a small army of product developers, marketers, salespeople, and accountants. The communications infrastructure for wide area networking is provided by another set of huge organizations: including AT&T, the seven regional Bell operating companies, Mc Gaw, and so on. And we live in a society in which many key goods and services are provided by organizations which employ hundreds to thousands of people: the airlines, state university systems, pharmaceutical firms, insurers, phone companies, hotel chains, automobile manufacturers, and so on. Of course, many important life events do not take place in relationship to organizations, especially large ones. But from our births in hospitals to the recording of our deaths by county administrators, we deal continually with organizations.

And the ways that these organizations computerize can influence the nature of their services, the costs of their goods, the ways that we interact with them, and their kinds of workplaces that they create for tens of millions of North Americans. Consequently we need to have professional bodies and organizations in computing in order to help the IT and other industries progress. Bibliography: L. Thompson, Open Trading: options for effective monitoring of corporate codes of conduct, New Economics Foundation & CIIR, for the Monitoring & Verification Working Group, article in Computer World Magazine (2001). A. Gad and S.

Goodman. Israel: Of Swords and Software Plowshares. Communications of the ACM. 37 (6) (June 1998) F. Douglas. B of As Plans for Computer Dont Add Up. Los Angeles Times.

v 107 (Sunday, February 7) sec I: 1, col 1, 95 col in. 1988.


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