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Developments of ICT ICT is used to communicate all over the world. E-mail, faxes, letters and telephone calls can get messages to anywhere in the world who has the ability to receive them. In this paper I would like to analyze the influence of ITC development on the learning process because of the possibility to analyze the ICT influence from my own experience, Business Company, and for the problems of development of ITC throughout the world. In what way ICT should be developed in universities and why? In recent years, Information Technology (IT) has been the hottest issue around the world. Not only has technological advancement enlightened the society for better mankind, it also has significant impact on the educational reform.
It has changed the way in which education is delivered, and students are connected to a wider world beyond the classroom door. The trend of using instructional technology is becoming more popular: we can see large screen projections, interactive multimedia, email and WWW are more commonly used in universities nowadays. The use of IT in teaching and learning has many advantages, of which the most important one is the enhancement of quality learning. Students would benefit by being actively involved in the learning process, receive immediate reinforcement about performance, and be able to proceed at their own pace. There are many instructional websites available online for students to explore and learn by themselves. Students are allowed more control over their own learning process as they decide what to learn, when to learn and how to learn.
With references to the immediate feedback received about their performances, they can make the decisions when to repeat questions, exercises and sequences based on their own progresses, and practice until they are satisfied with their results. On one hand, the use of IT allows individualization of learning and helps promote learner s autonomy while accommodating multiple learning styles. On the other hand, it facilitates collaborative and cooperative learning. Opportunities for interactions between teachers and students and among students can be increased via Email, web forums, newsgroups, interactive bulletin boards and online chat rooms.
Connections can be built between local students and the peers overseas. Students who are too shy to speak during lessons are given chance to share their opinions in the virtual classroom, and teachers can also quickly and directly respond to individual student needs. By using modern technological tools, teachers productivity can be raised since less time and effort are needed for preparing the course materials and marking assignments. Powerful Web-based course management tools, like WebCT, enable teachers to customize and publish course content, communicate via bulletin board, private e-mail account and online chat, manage student accounts, track their progress, set online quiz, launch auto-grading, calculate scores and conduct online survey.
Using modern instructional technologies can also stimulate students interest in learning because the course content can be presented in a variety of ways. The use of a computer often provide not only sounds, but also visual input providing students with more contextual cues. Students interacting with a computer are also using motor skills as well, which can have a strong reinforcing effect on the learning process by connecting physical actions with desired results. For business companies ICT are of vital importance throughout the world. And I would like to analyze how ICT influence Adams Childrenswear company stores based around Europe and how Adams Childrenswear communicate with their clients and internal communication of the company. Analysis of the impact of ICT on internal and external communication.
Using ICT is very important to Adams Childrenswear and any other company. It is a quick and easy means of communicating with customers, suppliers, staff and shareholders. It can also be used to communicate with the public, by putting advertisements on the Internet. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology, which means it also includes phones and faxes. Without all these things Adams Childrenswear would have a hard job trying to contact each customer to notify them about special offers or sales, and they would not be able to reply to queries or complaints as easily. Most employees in Adams Childrenswear have a desktop computer, which allows them to send and receive letters, reports, trading documents and other messages quickly and accurately.
All documents can be stored on disks, which saves on filing and storage space. Email is used widely by Adams Childrenswear staff for internal and external communication because is it quick and reliable. Fax machines are very popular for sending written documents, diagrams and pictures. As the fax machine is linked to the telephone line, it is a cheap, accurate and quick way of communicating. If head office wanted to speak to a member of staff lower down the line, they would have to e-mail, write a letter, or send a memo. Whereas if a member of staff wanted to get a message to head office they would have to speak to their manager, who would speak to their manager and it would work further up the line until the message got to company head office.
A modern business communicates externally with customers, suppliers, the public and shareholders. To communicate with customers, Adams Childrenswear would write a letter, telephone, or perhaps e-mail. If a customer made a complaint by letter then the staff would write a letter back. To communicate with suppliers, Adams Childrenswear's uses telephone to order what products they want, or maybe they could use e-mail because it is cheap and reliable. To communicate with the public, Adams Childrenswear would use visual aids such as posters and billboards to advertise the company and draw in customers.
They could also advertise using radio or television. How does ITC help the company meet its business objectives? Being friendly and helpful to the customers and public will make customers want to go there and buy the goods Adams Childrenswear provide. Adams has to build a relationship with its customers, so they are familiar and welcoming.
Good communication between the staff at Adams and the suppliers is important so the orders are correct. Clear orders have to be made otherwise the suppliers could send the wrong things or the wrong amount. Using communication in newspapers, television and radio will make the public aware of Adams Childrenswear and the quality of their clothes. It is also advantage for the word of mouth advertisement dissemination. Adams Childrenswear's top on European marketplace is a result of exercising new ITC High-Tec in its business activities both internally and externally. And huge funds are used to meet new technological requirements.
In 2002 Adams Childrenswear's outcomes for ITC improvement and Internet access were more than $ 3, 5 billions but benefits Adams Childrenswear gained in the same year increased from $ 28, 264 billions to $ 31, 103 billions. Analysis of the revenues raise defined as main factors increase the advertisement efficiency, speeding-up the offer and acceptance with customer and suppliers, paperless internal technologies improvement. All of what have already been listed were achieved in 1, 5 year by improving ICT in companys network throughout the Europe. Currently Adams Childrenswear's Finance Department is faced the task of further improvement of Internet technologies and wireless connection in eastern Europe's branches of Adams Childrenswear and the company decision is to invest in these efforts $ 1, 36 billions in the same year.
ICT is a field of extremely high investments today. The ICT progress requires steady outcomes of any company to achieve competitive advantage and Adams Childrenswear exercises this policy steadily which is a main competitive advantage of the company I think. Communication technologies is highly developed today throughout all the Western Civilisation but today leading companies moves their industrial capacities to the countries of the third world because of the cheep work force and tax advantages. Another business goal of the western business is expansion of new markets of developing countries in eastern and central Europe and Middle Asia. And one of the main problems for western companies is undeveloped ICT in these countries, digital divide of the world.
The global digital divide in simple terms, refers to the lack of access less developed nations have to the Internet, as compared with more developed nations. While writing this paper, I found it astonishing the amount that the US and a few other leading nations use the Internet. Almost one-half of the people in the world have never made a phone call, yet we use sources like the Internet without even giving it a second thought. What many of us also never give a second thought to is the types of opportunities that people miss out on due to the lack of technology and infrastructure in their homeland.
Despite these facts, there are organizations that are out there trying to help bridge the gap of the global digital divide. As I stated there are many groups whose purpose is to deter the affects of the digital divide. One of those groups is the UNDP or United Nations Development Program. The main goal of this group is to help poor countries gain access to the digital economy. One particular priority they have is to use the cuts in transaction costs offered by ICT to find new ways of expanding micro-finance initiatives for the poor. I think that this is a great idea.
The more money that can be saved and used for business purposes in underdeveloped countries, the better. Why not take advantage of what the Internet has to offer, and allocate some of the funds to help strengthen the economy of a particular nation. In addition to the idea stated above, the UNDP also trains small groups in developing countries in the uses and opportunities of the Net. Once again, I have to say that I agree with this technique.
With a problem such as the one at hand, perhaps the best way to handle the situation is to chop away at it one piece at a time. Many of the other groups involved in the fight against the digital divide use techniques similar to the UNDP. My personal opinion is that we need a combination of ideas and resources to help deter the problem. For example, I think it would be in our best interests to ensure that the infrastructure of poorer countries was improved dramatically. Without better communication / technology systems, little will be possible.
Another problem is the whole notion that the Internet is not diversified enough regarding representation. Most sites on the Net are in English, and / or are tailored to English speaking nations. An organization called One World believes that the Internet should be structured as a hub or network in places around the world like Africa and India. Through doing this there is hope that there will be better representation of ideas and thoughts of people in poorer nations.
Personally I believe that if we combine the above ideas together with pressuring govt's into supporting these ideas, headway can be made. It is key that large corporations and govt's help pressure the govt's of developing nations to make changes. If something is not done to help with this issue, there are many problems that could arise. It all boils down to the notion of the haves and the have-nots.
If we ignore this issue, the gap will continue to grow. Those with access to the Internet will gain more knowledge and perspective on govt, politics, etc while those without access will fall deeper into the divide. In poor countries political views and standpoints could be dramatically changed with the addition of the Internet. Im almost certain that peoples ideas about what they are entitled to would change. Perhaps those who live in developing nations would begin to question the motives of their governments and the political ideologies prevalent in them. I think its probably safe to say that many governments would prefer not to have their citizens on the Net.
It is hard for governments to hide information from the people when the people can use the Internet. Its naive not to believe that governments hide certain aspects from the people which they govern. Once people begin to get a sense of the rest of the world around them, they get an urge for more; more information, more opportunities, etc. I think this is partially one of the arguments Shapiro made in The Control Revolution.
My stance on this is great for them. Why should the rest of us get all the benefits and enrichment's of the Internet while they remain in the dark? Bibliography: Alberta, L. , The Impact of New Technologies on Scale in Manufacturing Industry: Issues and Evidence, World Development, May 1994. Do, G. , Paint, K. and Site, L. , The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, London, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.
Belge M. The Next Step in Software Internationalization. Interactions. ACM Publishers. Vol 2. No 1.
pp 21 - 25, 1995. Information and Communication Technologies [ICT] in Modern Business, European Journal of Engineering Education, v. 27, no. 1, 2002. Information and Communication Technologies [ICT] in Engineering Education, European Journal of Engineering Education, v. 27, no. 1, pp. 5 - 76, 2002. ISSN: 0304 - 3797 Krugman, P. R. , A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer and the World Distribution of Income, Journal of Political Economy, 87, 1979. Lall, S. , Building Industrial Competitiveness in Developing Countries, Paris, OECD, 1990 Salam, M.
A. , Science and Technology: Challenge for the South, Trieste, Third World Academy of Sciences and Third World Network of Scientific Institutions, 1992. Steiner, H. and Haas, K. Cross-cultural Communication: Communicating in a Global Marketplace. Thames and Hudson: London, 1995.
Luong, T. V. , Lok, J. S. H. , Taylor, D.
J. , and Driscoll, K. Internationalization: Developing Software for Global Markets. Wiley, New York, NY, 1995.
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