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Line of succession and the coronation ceremonies of British royalty 1. Introduction Coronation is a ceremony of crowning and anointing a monarch on his or her admittance to the throne. In England, from the coronation of Edgar, the ceremony included a coronation vow, anointment, endowment, enthronement, and respect. The ceremony of the English coronation has taken place in Westminster Abbey since 1066 and is still that of medieval times. In contrast, kings of Scotland held the ceremony at Scone on the coronation stone.
The stone, according to the legend and after to the tradition, is the stone Jacob used at Bethel. This stone was it was also known as the Lia Fail, or Stone of Destiny, of early kings of Ireland, and, taken to Scotland, was used for the coronation there. In 1296 Edward I moved the stone to Westminster. 2. Line of succession A. England succession The Anglo Saxon England of 542 - 1066 during this time there were many events. In this period of time invaders were warlike and fought amongst themselves until the Vikings began to raid.
The Anglo Saxons while the highland celts absorbed the lowland Celts. Kingship and Lordship were the two most important aspects of Anglo Saxon society, everyone owed allegiance to someone. Their lords would provide them with grain and quest stock in return for their service. The Anglo-Saxons raised temples that were purified and consecrated during the conversation process. The Anglo Saxons were craftsmen as well as artisans. England was pre-historic in 400 B.
C- 43 A. D, this time in history is like a jigsaw puzzle; because the pieces are sometimes there and then other times they are missing. The people who first arrived in England were hunter-gatherers who came from Europe around 8, 000 B. C. In 4, 000 B.
C farmers came from Europe and this was the first phase in environment disasters (web). The history of English is from far back as fat as, 400 B. C and still proceeds today. In 400 B.
C the Celts inhabited England their language was Indo-European but not Germanic. In 450 A. D Germanic speakers began conquering southern and eastern Britain, their languages entered into a relationship. Norse a language that was brought by the Vikings lent many words to English (Hoppit 2001).
English became the official language for use in Parliament and government actions in 1362 A. D. Pre-history of English and England is the sequences of languages on the island of Britain from the Stone Age to now. Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn and was the first woman to successfully occupy the English throne.
The Queen loved popularity and became even more popular after her death. When she ascended the throne in 1558, England was an impoverished country torn apart by religious squabbles. When she died at Richmond Palace on the 24 th March 1603, England was one of the most powerful and successful countries in the world (Cheyney 1997). In 1588, the Spanish Armada fleet was launched by Philip II of Spain for the invasion of England, to overthrow the Protestant Elizabeth I and established Philip on the English throne. Gradually the English realized that the Great Armada would not return. The jubilant Queen Elizabeth turned it into a personal triumph.
In December 1588, she rode, like a conquering Caesar, to give thanks at St Paul's Cathedral (Hoppit 2001). B. Scotland succession After 400 A. D Scotland began to arise from the dark ages. By 843, Kenneth Mac Alpin, King of the Scots of Dalriada held a significant part on the territory, and gave the kingdom a new name Scotia (Fisher 1999).
In addition, Duncan attached to this kingdom the rest of mainland Scotland. In a while Scotland experienced a period of peace with England. However, the war between Scotland and Norway was continual, as was infighting in Scotland itself. Consequently, the Scots continued endeavours to liberate themselves of England's tyranny (Leyburn 1992). In 1371, Robert Stewart was anointed the Scottish king, being the first one in a long royal line of Stewarts. In 1502, James IV signed a treaty of everlasting peace with England, and married Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England, simultaneously cobbling the way for the definitive union of the crowns.
Nevertheless, the Stuart line was to come to an end when Mary Queen of Scots, one of history's most outstanding women, received the crown. In 1642 England entered the Civil war, burying the cavaliers fighting for King Charles I against the Roundheads of Oliver Cromwell's parliament. Little by little, the Scotland as part of Great Britain entered a period of peace and well - being that continues to the present day (Mackie 1984). 3. Coronation ceremonies A. England coronation The Anglo-Saxon monarchs used different locations for their ceremonies of coronation. These places included Bath, Kingston-upon-Thames, London, Oxford and Winchester.
Harold II, who was the last Anglo-Saxon monarch, was crowned at Westminster Abbey in 1066. The same place was conserved for all further similar ceremonies. However, when London was captured by the French army, Henry III was crowned at Gloucester in 1216. In a while, in 1220, he decided to pass a second coronation at Westminster. Interestingly, two centuries later, Henry VI also had two ceremonies of coronation. Similarly did King of England in London during 1429, and King of France in Paris during 1431 (Chaney 1970).
In 1377 Richard II was formally received through London as part of the ceremonial leading up to his coronation at Westminster; and in the chronicles, as is well known, we do find descriptions of what appears to be a simpler version (though perhaps only in quantity-of pageants, gifts, and the like) of his 1392 entry. However, in describing only one elaborate 1377 entry pageant, the one can also refer to other pageants and shows not described, and so it is possible that our kinds of information differ, for the 1392 and 1377 entries, more than did the actual entries themselves (Hoppit 2001). In 1953 Elizabeth IIs coronation ceremony was televised by the British Broadcasting Corporation. This was the first time when broadcasters had an allowance to record the royal ceremony. Before, it was thought that cameras would rupture the seriousness of the occasion (Cheyney 1997). It is determined that over twenty million individuals watched the program in the United Kingdom, which consequently greatly raised the public interest in televisions and television programs.
B. Scotland coronation Kenneth Mac Alpin was a defendant of King Erc, who was a descendant of King Ukraine Mar of Ireland, and consequently appeared to be a 19 th great-grandson of Tamar of Judah. For over 100 decades, the Stone was an important part the coronation ceremonies of the descendants of the royal house of Judah as the royal house of Ireland (Fisher 1999). When the Stone was removed from Ireland to Scotland in the early sixth century, it was utilized in the coronation ceremonies of the Scots Dalriatic Kings, which were also in a direct line of decent from King Erc, the royal house of Ireland, and the royal house of Judah (Mackie 1984).
In 1296 King Edward I of England appropriated the throne of Scotland. Not only he usurped the power but also he seizure the Stone and moved it to England. Immediately, Edward I commanded to build the throne over it which was later placed in Westminster Abbey where the English Kings and Queens held the coronation ceremony ever since (Mackie 1984). 4. Conclusion After more than 2500 years couple of revolutions, the bloodline of the royal house of Ireland and Judah still ceased the royal power. In 1950, on Christmas, the Stone was taken from Westminster Abbey by a group of Scottish Nationalists, mysteriously reappearing a quarter year later in Abroad Abbey and was soon returned to Westminster (Hoppit 2001).
However, in 1996, Queen Elizabeth II decided that the Stone should be returned to Scots. Therefore, since November of 1996, the Stone has been placed in Edinburgh Castle. References: Andrew Fisher. A Traveller's History of Scotland. (1999) Interlink Books. pp. 115 - 143 J.
D. Mackie. A History of Scotland. (1984) Penguin Books, London. pp. 79 109 James G. Leyburn. The Scotch-Irish, A Social History. (1992) University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
pp. 147 160 Hoppit, J. , A land of liberty? England 1689 - 1727 (Oxford 2001) pp. 53 - 88 W. A. Chaney, The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England (London 1970) History of England, Medieval Britain (2001) web Cheyney, E. P. (1997) History of England from the Defeat of the Spanish Armada to the Death of Elisabeth.
New York.
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Research essay sample on 000 B C History Of England
