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... have the liberty to conduct their own trade. Also, people such as Edmund Andros restricted the colonies. When he came from England he was set to bring the colonies under effective royal control. He abolished popular assemblies, changed land grant systems and attempted to reinforce Anglicanism.
These actions that Andros took were all restrictions of civil liberties. The Great Awakening and The Enlightenment both brought greater knowledge to the colonists. This knowledge lead them to believe against the ways of the old English church and rule. During the Great Awakening, the term American came about. This separated the colonists from England by having a certain pride and culture to their new land and people. Spiritual enthusiasm sprung up when new lighter ideas of Christianity came about.
The idea sprang that the harsh reality of being damned to hell was false and that there were ways to be saved. 3. The religious motive is often emphasized as the predominant one in the migration of the early English colonizers to the New England, but economic motives were undoubtedly the most effective in promoting colonization. Economic considerations were greatly emphasized in the early settlements of the Southern Colonies. As for religious considerations were mainly found in the colonization of the New England Colonies.
The Middle Colonies on the other hand were considered to be mainly established for religious motives, but economic motives were equally as strong. Economic considerations were undoubtedly the most important factors in promoting colonization. Among these was the accumulation of a surplus capital and the profit motive which wealthy business men sought opportunities to invest their money in. Joint-stock companies sold shares of stock ventures and enabled them to share the great expense and risk of founding colonies as business enterprises. The economic theory of mercantilism stressed the need of a nation to accumulate precious metals. Thus, England wished to secure vital raw materials from their own colonies instead of paying other countries.
For example, in the Southern Colonies South Carolina and Georgia had an economy based on the production of silk, wine, indigo, and rice. The need for markets for England's surplus of manufacturers argued for the establishment of captive markets in the form of colonies. Among individual colonists the simple desire to own land and enjoy a better living motivated emigration. The Protestant Reformation gave rise to the dissenting sects who aggressively sought to worship according to their own ideas instead of conforming to the religious uniformity required by the Anglican Church. Since religious conformity was identified with political conformity, the kings sought to enforce obedience to the practices of the established church. The nonconforming sects were persecuted in the attempts to enforce the religious law of the land.
The persecuted sought to escape to America where vacant land offered them an opportunity to settle and follow their own consciences in religious matters. Among these religious groups were the Catholics, Puritans, and Quakers. The Massachusetts Bay Colony originated as a commercial (fishing) venture but was later populated by thousands of Puritan refugees who settled the land to become farmers. The Massachusetts government was heavily influenced by the Puritan clergy and only members of the church were permitted to vote and participate in government. Another example of a religion based colony was Maryland which was founded by Lord Baltimore in order to establish a refuge for Catholics and others who were persecuted religiously.
Even though both the Southern and New England Colonies had either a predominating economic or religious motive in their colonies, the Middle Colonies originated with both motives equally. These colonies were founded by different people who resulted in creating very diverse colonies. 4. May 1647, Dutch ship arrived in New Amsterdam carrying a new governor. He was the cranky and strong-willed Peter Stuyvesant.
Used a wooden peg to replace a leg lost in battle, thereby earning the nickname Pegleg Peter. Stuyvesant was suspicious of anyone who was not a Christian. 1654 he wasnt please when 23 Jewish settlers arrived. He didnt allow them land. He wrote to Dutch West India Company asking what he should do, there said to keep them there and have the same rights as everyone else. Stuyvesant, wanting to expand New Netherland, attacked the neighboring colony of Sweden 1655. After ten-day siege by the Dutch, the Swedes surrendered Fort Christina and gave up their American Holdings Seizure of New Netherland English colonization stopped in the middle of the 1600 s as a result of civil war. 1642 the civil war started with a puritan rebellion against Charles the First. 1649 the king was beheaded and defeated.
The puritans ruled England until the 1660 s/ in that year Charles the Second reclaimed his fathers thrown. Colonization then resumed in N. America. Charles the Second decided that his brother, The Duke of York, should drive out the Dutch. When the dukes ships appeared off New Amsterdam in 1664. the colony surrendered with our a fight-much to the disgust of Peter Stuyvesant.
The duke was now the proprietor, or owner-of New Netherlands-which was renamed New York. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The duke became the largest land owner in America. He gave a chunk of his land to his friend Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley. Encouraged people to come to their land by giving them freedom of religion, land grants of land, and representative assembly. Duke of York gave up an even larger part of his land when he paid of a debt to William Penn.
Penn is an active Quaker, was seeking a refugee for Quakers being persecuted in England. By reminding the duke of the land in 1862 he founded Pennsylvania. The same year he was given more land by the duke, the three countries that would make Delaware. Quakers believed that all people should live in peace and harmony.
Welcomed different religions and ethnic groups. Farm land and freedom of religions made Pennsylvania one of the wealthiest colonies in the Americas. Land was no use to a proprietor as wilderness. William Penn after opening Pennsylvania to the Quakers e went to Germany to find more immigrants.
Germans brought with them craft skills and productive farming techniques that helped the colony thrive. The Carolinas and Georgia. When Charles the Second became King he owned a debt of gratitude to a lot of people eight of them asked Charles for a grant of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida. 5. The Iroquois are one of the most important tribes because they were part of the Revolutionary war and sided with the British. Iroquois seem very interesting and they were a very advanced tribe. I also liked the fact that they played a role in the Revolutionary war.
The Iroquois were originally a confederacy of Five Nations which resided in upstate New York between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls. Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca were the names of the five original nations. Sometime between 1715 and 1722, the Tuscaroras, an Iroquoian tribe of North Carolina, which had moved to New York, were formally admitted to the confederacy. The name Iroquois was given to them like many other tribes, by their enemies. The Algonquin called them the Iraq rattlesnakes. After the French added the Gallic suffix -ois to this insult, the name became Iroquois.
The Iroquois call themselves Haudenosaunee meaning people of the long house. Over time, they gained control of most of the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada. At its peak in 1680, their empire extended west from the north shore of Chesapeake Bay through Kentucky to the intersection of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; then north following the Illinois River to the south end of Lake Michigan; east across all of lower Michigan, southern Ontario and neighboring parts of southwestern Quebec; and finally south through northern New England west of the Connecticut River through the Hudson and upper Delaware Valleys across Pennsylvania back to the Chesapeake. The geographical location affected the Iroquois lives in many ways.
There was an abundant supply of food and wood. Without that, no tribe can survive. They also had to design their shelter based on the climate. If they had a hole in the roof for the smoke for the fire then there had to be very little rain. If there was a lot of rain they might have had a way to close up the hole. The fence around their long houses was another signal that they built their houses based on their location.
When you think about their importance and their impact on history, it is hard to believe how few Iroquois there were in 1600 probably less than 20, 000. Their inland location protected them somewhat from the initial European penetration, but these had reached them by 1650 and, combined with warfare, cut their population to about half of its original number. Through the conquering of other Iroquoian-speaking enemies, they increased their population to 25, 000 in 1660. For now, their talent for diplomacy and political unity kept things under control, but forces which would destroy them had been set in motion.
On the positive side, the conquering gave the Iroquois a claim to the lands of their former enemies. However, the Iroquois didnt extend their conquering to non-Iroquoian speaking tribes and that caused the population to drop. Despite the incorporation of 1, 500 Tuscarora in 1722 as a sixth member of the Five Nations, there were only 12, 00 Iroquois by 1768. By the end of the Revolutionary War, they were less than 8, 000. The shelter for the Iroquois was called long houses.
A normal long house was 150 feet long by 20 feet wide, hence the name long house. Each long house had a number of rooms. Each room was home to one family. There was a fire in between the two rooms and that was shared by both of the families. There was a hole in the roof for the smoke to go out of. There was little to distinguish the Iroquois from their Iroquoian-speaking neighbors.
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Research essay sample on Southern Colonies William Penn
