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Example research essay topic: Time And Space One God - 1,615 words

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... can make God plural, in Judaism God is considered to be absolutely simple. He is omnipotent and doesn't consist of any matter. As far as he is not material, he is called Holy and Pure. God in Torah is the Creator of space and time, but he is not a part of them. It is very difficult for our conscience to describe and comprehend things that are not material or which don't belong to space or time, that's why the essence of god is unknowable in Torah.

And if Torah uses such expressions as 'the Hand of God' and the eyes of God', it in no way means that god has human body, - these expressions are used only to understand the attitude of God towards different things. God in Torah is considered to be out of time and space; he is unchanging and has no age. But at the same time he can rule time and space without being involved in them. So, God is immortal and unchanging. He is also considered to be perfect, thus needing no changes for himself. God possesses infinite knowledge, and no matter how many events take place in the world simultaneously, God knows all of them.

He also knows about deeds and feelings of every person. Thus he is supposed to be the master of the world. God's essence can't be understood by any thought as no thought can be grasped by hand. So the essence of God is unknowable. So, let's summarize and make comparisons and conclusions. Christianity is the religion that went from Judaism, and thus they have many common traits.

But the fact is that there are also some differences. Torah is the main book of Judaism, as Bible is the main book of Christianity. In both books God takes the central part and it has been for ages that people were interested in true comprehending of God. It an be said in general that for both religions God is the divine creature, that is transcendent, that is it has got no material or human traits, it is also possesses infinite kindness, and knows everything. In both religions God is the creator of the world, being at the same time separated from it, as well as he is separated from time and space. Christians believe that God lived on Earth in the Jesus' body.

In Judaism God is absolutely unified, and reveals himself only to Israel. Being Christians, we have got used to the understanding and knowledge that there is the Trinity, that is God-Father, God-Son and God-Holy Spirit, which is one God at the same time, and it is so unusual to know that in Judaism, the religion which should be so close to Christianity this basic notion is absent. Judaism considers God to be Unity. The central teachings of Christianity says that Jesus was the Son of God and the second element of the Trinity, and that he was brought to the earth by his Father to save people from destroying and to take all their sins. There is no such plot in Torah, while God is the only figure there, being omnipotent and omniscient. To my mind, all religions have the right to exist, but I guess that Christianity is more kind in terms of the attitude towards God.

God is Love here, and he loves everyone on the earth, and it is only humans who divide other people at being bad or good. There is also a notion that God never punishes anyone, he loves everyone, and it is clear that by our deeds we punish ourselves. Christian God is unique and universal, He does not divide people into different nationalities and races, and everyone is equal for him. In Judaism God reveals himself only to Israel, making Jewish unique among other peoples.

In both religions God has no previous history, that is there is not a word about his past, or from where he comes, everything starts from the moment he has created the world. Scholars belonging to the rational schools of the 19 th century developed a view of the Bible as primarily a history of Judaism that evolved naturally without the benefit of divine intervention in the world. They see a series of stages in which God was first held by the Jews as simply the head of a tribal pantheon, then gradually assumed all the attributes of God's fellow divinities, but was still worshiped more or less idolatrously. Gradually, according to these scholars, the Jews considered their God as more and more powerful until they believed God creator and ruler of all humans though preferring Israel as God chosen people. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004) Both Judaism and Christianity assert that people should believe in one God and there is no other God or other power beside him. Really, both religions are monotheistic, that is there is only one central figure in each of them. Judaism is the ancestor of Christianity, and the rivalry between them is something like Oedipus complex.

Christians have inherited all basic notions of religion from Judaism. As far as Judaism existed earlier than Christianity, this very religion was the creator of such basic notions as law, redemption, sin and faith. Judaism was and is the religion of one God, the predecessor of all modern monotheistic religions. There may be only two ideas of how the Jews came to understanding of the single God either they were brilliant philosophers, or, and that's comes according to Torah, they were the ones whom God had chosen. According to the Torah, God revealed himself only to Jews, and this explanation seems to be very arrogant.

Though some scientists make these two religions parallel, I should say that to my mind, they differ greatly in their attitude towards God, about whom I speak in this work. That is, to my mind, the main postulate of Christianity is that God represents Love, and the main postulate of Judaism is that God is Will. So Jews must follow God's will and be like him holy as he is. Christians address God for Love and understanding. And they are not to be afraid of him, as this is with Jews, but to understand their deeds and to know what they are to do in different situations. No religion outside Judaism and Christianity ever knew of such an intimate relationship with God as faith.

Faith means not just belief but fidelity to the covenant, like a marriage covenant. Sin is the opposite of faith, for sin means not just vice but divorce, breaking the covenant. (Kreeft, 1987) The stumbling stone of both religions is Jesus, for they differ in their understanding of who he is. For Christians he is messiah and one of the Trinity. For Jews God is the unity, and they don't see Jesus as Christians do. These two religions are close and are far from each other at the same time.

They are connected by the common notions and they explain the same notions in different ways. The common traits of God in both religions are the following: 1. God is transcendent, that is He is separated from everything that is material 2. God is personal, that is a person can speak directly to God. 3. God is normative, that is there are some norms (the Ten Commandments) which people are to follow if they want to be closer to God. 4. Both religions use human emotions and descriptions to display God in its brightest, but this does not mean that God had human appearance.

Both religions reject this idea. 5. God is the Creator of the world and everything in it, and at the same time he is separated from everything he has created. 6. Both religions are known for their faith, which is infinite devotion to God. And sin is meant not only as the vice, but as breaking the devotion. The differences are the following: 1. In Judaism there is no such notion as Trinity, as it is in Christianity.

For Jews God is the Unity, and they don't add any new attributes to Him, as this can make him plural. 2. God in Christianity is Love and God in Judaism is Will. 3. In Judaism God reveals only to Israel, while in Christianity God does not divide people into different nationalities. So, these two religions have much in common. No one can deny that they are interrelated and have the common origin. Though these two concepts often contradict with each other, they both refer to the best feelings of humans.

People must follow the basic commandments of life, which are stated in the Bible and in the Torah. People are free in their choice of religion, but this must never influence their personal relations. And in our modern life faith gives us an additional opportunity to become more calm, patient and kind. Christianity and Judaism are the two parts of one world, which are not to be considered separately. And though their visions differ sometimes, they still carry one common idea: God created us to follow his norms and he loves all of us. And our deeds are the main criteria for both religions.

Works cited. (1) Finkel, A. Y. (2004) The Torah revealed: Talmudic masters unveil the secrets of the Bible. Jossey-Bass. (2) Hagen, K. (1998) The Bible in the Churches: How various Christians interpret the Scriptures. Marquette University Press. (3) Kreeft, Peter. (1987).

Comparing Christianity & Judaism. National Catholic Register. (4) The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition (2004). Columbia University Press. (5) Wilson, B. (1999). Christianity. Routledge. (6) Newspaper article: Teachings of the Torah still relevant to Christians. The Washington Times.

January, 26, 2004.


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