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Example research essay topic: American Lung Association Food And Drug Administration - 1,572 words

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... sed by various cities increases tenfold; and by 1989, 44 states had passed some form of smoking control legislation. Cigarettes still remain the second most heavily advertised product in the United States, behind automobiles. (All broadcast advertisment was previously banned in 1971) The Merican Medical Association is among the many institutions that have recommended a ban on all cigarettes advertisements and promotional activities. Approximately 80 - 90 - percent of regular smokers start at the age of 18.

To influence smoking-related public health outcomes, efforts must be subject to limit the availability of cigarettes to minors. These data suggest that our society is a remarkably passive about the illegal sale of addictive and dangerous tobacco products to children. The laws have gotten a lot better than they used to be. The government really needs to enforce additional regulations on the tobacco industry, especially as they relate to young people.

Timing is critical at this point. More publicity is currently being given to the fact that so many people are dying and / or suffering from smoke-related disease. Even so, there is evidence that the tobacco industry had deliberately tried to control or manipulate the amount of nicotine in their product. A group of criminal investigators, for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have quietly crisscross the country, piecing together evidence (even discovering that specially bred high-nicotine tobacco was secreted from Brazil into U. S. cigarettes) that forever has changed how society views tobacco.

Additionally discovered were internal industry documents stating, We are in the business of selling nicotine, an addictive drug. And revealed the industry targeted its advertising toward children as potential new smokers. Under th direction of former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Dr. David Kessler, his agency uncovered proof that tobacco companies manipulated nicotine to hook smokers and targeted minors to take up the habit. They had underestimated the enormous power of the tobacco industry. During an interview, Dr.

Kessler stated I dont think that people know the extent to which their tentacles really reached Dr kessler envisions establishing a special corporation to sell cigarettes without advertising or making any profit, thus removing the incentive to hook new smokers, feeling it has become apparent that nothing else will work. Ultimate, he stated, Cigarettes should be sold in brown paper wrappers, with only the brand name and the warning label. However the story does not end. Dr. Kessler left the FDA in 1997 and now is Yales university's Dean of Medicine.

In his book he wrote about a White House meeting. President Clinton had read some of those internal documents and Dr. Kessler quotes him as exclaiming: I want to kill them. I just read all those documents and I just want to kill them. Subsequently, the Clinton Administration had sued the tobacco industry in 1999, accessing it of putting profits before health by concealing data that showed nicotine is addictive and smoking sales disease. Government lawyers also contended the industry targeted its advertising toward children as potential new smokers.

The tobacco industry made a fatal decision to conceal the dangers of tobacco use that can last as well as shorten a lifetime. One industry leader, the Philip Morris company (who once bitterly fought the Fda's regulations) has now commented, Tough and sensible FDA regulation of the industry is needed and should focus on such things as preventing kids from smoking. So Basically what the industry did was, they knew that tobacco was an addictive drug and continued on selling the product just so that they could keep their sales up. The American Lung Association Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), provides products that help relieve some of the withdrawal symptoms people experience when they quit smoking.

Three nicotine replacement products that are over-the-counter in the United States, including two nicotine patches and nicotine gum. Nicotine inhaler and nasal spray are only by prescription. There is also a new non-nicotine pill, used as a smoking cessation treatment option. The nicotine patch releases a constant amount of nicotine in the blood. The nicotine dissolves right into the skin and enters the body. Also available in different sizes.

A larger patch delivers more nicotine through the skin. The patch contains less nicotine than in cigarettes. It also does not contain any other tars or poisonous gases found in cigarette. Study have shown that the patch is much easier to give up then cigarettes, for two reasons: One, people usually develop cravings for things that provide immediate satisfaction (such as chocolate), with the patch, the nicotine level in the body stays relatively constant day after day. Second, anything people do often, such as smoking, becomes a habit; since you apply the patch only once a day, there is no strong habit to break. Once breaking the smoking habit you will get into the habit of wearing the patch, which will help you lose cravings for satisfaction, and lose the craving for a cigarette.

If someone is truly addicted to tobacco, there are many ways that the American Lung Association can help. Although once wearing the patch, it can actually leave you with some short term side effects, that include, headaches, dizziness, upset stomach, weakness, blurred vision, vivid dreams, mild itching and burning on the skin, and diarrhea. Wearing the patch will lesson the chance of of suffering from several major smoking withdrawal symptoms like, tenseness, irritability, drowsiness and lack of concentration. Nicotine gum is also offered over- the-counter, and contains enough nicotine to reduce the urge to smoke.

It is a temporary aid that reduces symptoms of nicotine withdrawal after quitting smoking. The nicotine gum must be used properly in order to be effective steps for nicotine gum users to follow include: Stop all smoking when beginning the gum therapy Do not eat or drink for fifteen minutes before using, or while chewing the gum Chew gum on and off for thirty minutes to release the most of the nicotine. Keeping the gum between the cheek and gum allows the absorption of nicotine into the lining of the cheek. Chew enough gum to reduce withdrawal symptoms (19 - 15 but notre pieces than that in a day) Use the gum everday for about a month or so, then start to reduce the number of pieces you chew a day, chewing only what you need to avoid withdrawal symptoms Discontinue use of gum for three months The patch and chewing the nicotine gum are very effective when quitting. There is always the nasal spray that you can use as well. Nicotine spray is dispensed from a pump bottle, and relieves cravings for cigarettes.

It delivers nicotine to the nasal membranes and reaches the bloodstream faster than any other NRT products, available by prescription. There is also the nicotine inhaler. Which is a plastic cylinder containing a cartridge that delivers nicotine when you puff on it. The inhaler delivers nicotine to the mouth, not the lung, and enters the body much more slowly than nicotine in cigarettes. Now as of 1997 a non-nicotine pill, bupropion hydrochloride (zyban) was approved to help smokers to quit. Also sold as an antidepressant.

It is also necessary that you follow all the doctors orders and use these products only as prescribed with all types of nicotine replacement therapy. If not then the treatment will not be effective and symptoms may occur if not used correctly. The Supreme Court rules FDA cannot regulate tobacco as an addictive drug. Clintons administrations claim that the Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, was rejected, In theis case, we believe that Congress has clearly precluded the FDA from asserting jurisdiction to regulate tobacco products, Justice Sandra Day OConnor wrote in the 39 -page opinion. The courts rolling meant that Congress will have to act to give the FDA the power to regulate tobacco. The 1996 regulations, supported by President Clinton, would have restricted the sale of tobacco products to minors and put limits on tobacco company marketing and advertising.

The FDA recently in 1996, had said that it lacked the authority to regulate tobacco as long as manufactures did not claim smoking provided health benefits. The regulating agency reversed itself saying tobacco could be regulated because of evidence that the industry intended its products to feed consumers nicotine habits. Sales to anyone under the age of eighteen are already in all fifty states. The FDA equations took the measure a step further requiring all stores to ask for a photo I. D. from anyone under 27 -year-old purchasing tobacco products.

The agency also sought to limit all vending machine cigarette sales to adult-only locations, such as bars. Also in 1998 the tobacco companies sued, the 4 th United States Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the federal agency could not regulate tobacco. Sandra Day OConnor opinion recognized the public health issue facing the nation was, By no means do we question the seriousness of the problem that the FDA has sought to address, the agency has amply demonstrated that tobacco use particularly among children and adolescents, poses perhaps the single most significant threat to public health in the United States. The FDA concluded that cigarettes are unsafe, and as a result it should require the FDA to remove them from the market entirely.

To protect our society cigarettes and all tobacco sales should be ban or regulated with the help of more people and more regulations against tobacco. Bibliography:


Free research essays on topics related to: withdrawal symptoms, food and drug administration, tobacco industry, american lung association, addictive drug

Research essay sample on American Lung Association Food And Drug Administration

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