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No Title. The main purpose of the paper is to study two different views on a behavioral non verbal interaction of people of various ethnicities, races, origins and other factors influencing such interpersonal communication. Ed McDaniel and Peter A. Andersen in their article discuss the influence of cultural traditions on the tactile interpersonal communication and other factors like geographic location etc. The data for current research was collected at the international airports by the observation and interviewing people departing in various destinations. The authors chose the international airport because the international airport is the place where people of various nationalities are present and which provided the ability to collect data on the people of various nationalities, sex, origin etc.
The international airport gave the researches the opportunity to conduct the comparative study of interpersonal tactile communication of people of various ethnic, racial and other groups. The researchers tried to find the evidence for the theoretically stated thesis on the influence of geographic origin on the tactile communication. Theoretical researches define various degrees of the tactile communication of people of various origins. According to theorists the South Europeans (the French, The Italians etc) demonstrate closer degree of touch communication than the Europeans belonging to the German linguistic group (the Scandinavians, the Germans etc). On the other hand the Asians demonstrate lower degree of tactile communication than the people of Latin origin. Ed McDaniel and Peter A.
Andersen tried to study the influence of the cultural traditions on the tactile interaction of people of various ethnic groups 1. The authors define the purpose of this study was threefold. First, it was designed to examine cultural variations in cross-sex touch in public places, specifically that exhibited during airport departures. A second objective was to determine whether tactile behavior varied across cultures as a function of relational stage. The third objective was to bring empirical evidence to bear on the question of climatological influences on tactile communication predispositions 2. This subdivision is not quite understandable because all three factors are the same in their nature.
The climate factor is the factor defined by the geographic habitation of this or that ethnic group which is in its turn defines the cultural traditions of this or that ethnic group. During the study the researchers monitored the process of the farewell of cross sex groups of various origins. The international airport was the ideal place for such research. People demonstrate the most intensive touch communication before the long (or / and risky) journey. The aviation transport is still considered by people to be one of the risky one (though it is statistically less risky than, say automobiles). This is one of the reasons people demonstrate their emotions during the farewell before the air journey.
The method of study was defined by the subjects of study, who were 154 cross-sex dyads from 26 nations 3. Their interaction was studied as the individual behavior within a couple. The study was conducted visually, the visual behavior, parts of body touched at the security check points of the airport, i. e. just before the departure. Such variables as country of birth, latitude of origin, and interpersonal relationship, were measured by a short, self-report questionnaire administered by a collection team member 4.
Statistical analysis was done using one way analysis of variance. The results of the study confirmed that touch behavior among cross-sex couples would vary as a function of nationality 5. The research confirmed that the relations within the couple influence the tactile communication. At the same time there were no obtained the evidence of the influence of the original geographic location (latitude) on the tactile communication. The conclusion of the study was that there was no any significant evidence of the geographic latitude on the tactile interpersonal communication. The type of relations in a couple influences the tactile communication greatly.
The shortcoming of the study was that the representatives of various ethnic groups were mainly the representatives of the various diasporas and their communications were influenced in a great measure by the ethnic, cultural and other traditions of the country of their permanent residence (USA). This is the main reason that the research conducted in American airports only as well as in any other airport only is not indicative enough to make any conclusion based on the comparative analysis. The article by Rosita D. Albert, and In Ah Hab studies the intercultural situations involving touch and silence by Latinos and Anglo's. First of all the study was conducted on the citizens of the USA of the Latin origin and the majority of the citizens of the USA who are of non Latin origin. The authors state the fact that non- verbal communication is not unified for all ethnic groups with various languages and differs depending upon the cultural traditions of this or that group 6.
Non verbal communication is characterized by the cultural traditions of various groups and that is why varying depending on the ethnicity of the group. The authors of the article study the peculiarities of the non verbal communication, namely touch and silence of two largest ethnic groups of the USA. Theoretically it was supposed the geographic factor influences the manner of touch communication. The Latinos from the South use it more intensive than the Latinos of the Northern origin. The researchers state that the differences between emotional characters of the majority (Non- Latinos) of Americans are less expressive in their emotions than the Latinos. The difference in the non verbal communication of Latinos and Anglo's is defined by the fact that Latinos are more collectivistic in their cultural traditions while Anglo's are more individualistic.
The author also states that the silence is not just an absence of communication but some kind of communication. Silence may be interpreted semantically in the same way as verbal communication. Silence has the meaning in the same way as linguistic communication. The authors of the article define the principle of the masculinity non-masculinity of the culture. According to the authors the Anglo's are characterized by the moderate masculine cultural traditions while Latinos are characterized by the stronger masculine traditions. The interpersonal non verbal interaction is encouraged by the polyphonic time orientation.
That means that Latinos tend to concentrate on the various tasks at a time. Such behavior encourages closer communication between people, collectivism. It is expected that silence is more meaningful among Latinos that among Anglo Americans. On the basis of the objective data authors expect that Latinos will differ from Anglo's in the attributions or interpretations made in a given cross-cultural interaction involving touch or silence 7.
The authors describe research of the intercultural interactions monitored in the schools between the Latinos students and Anglo American teachers. In order to examine the Latino Anglo differences in perceptions and interpretations of behavior, three data-gathering techniques were used: focus group interviews, participant observations, and structured and unstructured questionnaires 8. There were 3 questions to answer during the analysis: (1) Do Latinos differ from Anglo's in their attributions? (2) Do teachers differ from students in their attributions? (3) Are there interactions between the Latino Anglo factor and the Teacher Student factor? 9 The researches conducted in American schools indicated that there are differences defined by a numerous factors and various backgrounds. First of all they are defined by the ethical background and consequently absolutely different cultural traditions of Latinos and Anglo Americans. Then the difference in the non verbal (touch) communication is defined by the status of the respondents (teachers pupils). Bibliography Ed McDaniel and Peter A.
Andersen. International Patterns of Interpersonal Tactile Communication: A Field Study, available at web Rosita D. Alberta, , In Ah Hab Latino/Anglo-American differences in attributions to situations involving touch and silence. Available at web Citation Ed McDaniel and Peter A. Andersen Ibid Ibid Ibid Ibid Rosita D. Alberta, , In Ah Hab Ibid Ibid Ibid
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Research essay sample on Cultural Traditions Verbal Communication
