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Biography f The Life f Maximilien Rbespierre Few historical characters excite the degree f controversy that surrounds Maximilien Rbespierre, a mild-mannered 5 ' 3 " provincial lawyer wh nly lived t be 36. Rbespierre can be considered the sul f the Revlutin itself. Rbespierre was there when the Estates General covered in May 1789, and when he died, the idealism that had sparked the Revlutin, fr better r was, died with him. Through the years, Rbespierre has cme t ebay the changing curse f events in the Revlutin. ne can fully admire the entire Revlutin with fully admiring Rbespierre, and this is a hard thing t d. Rbespierre was a very real man, with very real flaws and virtues, but his can humanity is free far surpassed by the psychological need t incarnate free far been the cntrl f any individual in the person f ne man.
Possible, that is why Rbespierre still inspires such a passionate dichotomy f love and hatred. Maximilien Francis Marie Isidre de Rbespierre is ne f the best known leaders f the French Revlutin. He earned the nickname "the Incrruptible" through his devil t the Revlutin. He was an influential member f the Committee f Public Safety, which versa the period f the French Revlutin in which the revolutionaries consolidated their power; a period which is comply known as the Reign f Terrr. While the Committee f Public Safety was certainly a dictatorial committee, Rbespierre was nt in his wn right a dictator. In the Thermidr f Revolutionary calendar's Year Tw, he was himself executed.
Politically he was a disciple f Jean-Jacques Russeau, and ther Enlightenment philosophers, and a capable articulate f the beliefs f the left-wing burgess. He harnessed this talent as a means f rabble-rating. He is free described as a rather impractical man, wh called deistic beliefs in the Supreme Being with marked fanaticism. Maximilien Rbespierre was brn n May 6, 1758, the sn f a lawyer in Arras. His life was successful early n, being awarded a scholarship t the prestigious Luis-le-Grand College in Paris. Here he was prominent in his studies f philosophy and law.
After leaving Luis-le-Grand, he set up a law practice, nce helping a servant f a certain Lazare Can. As a lawyer he represented mainly pr people, and urged the privileged classes when he protected against real absolutism and arbitrary justice. ne time he was feed a lucrative judicial position, but has t turn it do after having t put a man t death. Even though he knew the man was guilty, the thought made him physically ill fr days. (Maxime's nervus system was always in hyper-drive, while his immune system appears t have been virtually nn-existent - he suffered psychosomatic illnesses all the time). He lived with his sister Charltte and an ever-present dg (Maxime always had a dg). Charltte was fr sme time engaged t Face wh, ten years later, would be the prime me in the death f Rbespierre.
Maxime was always a very neat man. He kept his hair carefully powered even during the height f the Revlutin, when such dress was enough t get ne executed. He was extremely absent-minded. He would be walking sme place with his sister, she'd stp t talk t see and he'd g back hme. When she finally finished line fr him, he'd be at the huse wondering wherever she had get. He led Russeau.
He slept with a cpy f n The Social Contact under his pills. Then the notice f the summoning f the Estates General came ut the people f Arras elected him t represent them in the Third Estate. He became the leader f the Jacbin's, the political grup in for f the Revlutin, and later devoted himself t the National Assembly, the grup responsible fr the newly drawn constitution. He penny accepted the Declaration f the Rights f Man and the Citizen, the preamble t the constitution. He fight fr universal suffrage, unrestricted admission t the National Guard and public ffice's.
He posted that which would restrict power t fewer people, such as the real vet and als posted racial and religious discrimination. He worked in the National Cnventin and mre specifically the Committee f Public Safety and its infamous Reign f Terrr that slaughtered anything standing in the way f revolutionary progress, eventually even he would fall victim t his wn ideals. Rbespierre argued that the Rman/Greek concept f virtue is the fundamental principle f the democratic r popular government and this virtue cme's frm nes love f their country and f its laws. If the people f a society hld the can will as first priority, then the democratic nature f government falls int place and is nt free. When democracy and love hld precedence ver greed, laws are adhered t voluntarily. He ges n t say that the essence f the republic r f democracy is equality.
Gd society stems frm these are principles. Gd society is an equal society in which each member has the right t their say in government and has an equal ppr tunity in life, based n merit, nt f ld Regime nations like birth. It is a society in which the love and respect f the country and its laws faster a peaceful country, and when change is called fr it is dne s in an reply and democratic fashion. In 1790, he was elected leader f the Jacbin Club, a gathering f revolutionaries. By 1793, there were between 5, 000 t 8, 000 Jacbin clubs thought France, with a that membership f perhaps 500, 000.
The clubs, as part f the administrative machinery f government, had certain duties: they raised supplies fr the army and price local markets. But, the clubs were used fr pricing thought as well; its members kept a case watch n people whse penis were suspect. Rbespierre, with the support f the Jacbin's, began t arrest people suspected f being enemies f the Revlutin. The suspects were brought before revolutionary tribunals where ideas f mercy, justice, and even guilt r innocence meant very little. During the Reign f Terrr, at least 300, 000 suspects were arrested; 17, 000 were facially executed, and many died in price with ever being brought t trial. Even card-carrying revolutionaries, such as Jacques Hebert and Gerges Dantn, were sent t the guillotine by the Jacbin's.
The punishments were meant as a signal t ther's - dn't even think abut working against the Revlutin. n December 18, 1791, Rbespierre made a speech that marked a new each in his life. Brisst de War ville, the dame politique f the Girndists party which had been free in the Legislative Assembly, urged that war should be declared against Austria. Marie Antoinette, the queen, was equally urgent, in the hpe that victims reign armies might restore the ld absolutism f the Burns. In position std Marat and Rbespierre. Rbespierre feared a development f militarism, which might then be turned t the advantage f the free f reaction.
This position frm the whm they had expected t aid them irritated the Girndins greatly, and frm that men began the struggle which ended in the cups d'etat n May 31 and June 2, 1793. Rbespierre persisted in his position t the war with Austria. The Girndists, especially Brisst, attacked him violently. In April 1792, Rbespierre resigned the pst f public prosecute at the tribunal f Paris, which he had held since February, and started a journal, Le Defense de la Constitution, in his wn defence. It is noteworthy that during the summer months f 1792 in which the fate f the Burn dynasty was being sealed, neither the Girndins in the Legislative Assembly nr Rbespierre tk any active part in verthrwing it. Stronger men with practical instincts f statesmanship, like Gerges Dantn and Billaud Varenne, were the men wh made the insurrection f August 10 and tk the Tuileries.
The Girndists, however, were quite ready t take advantage f the fait accompli; and Rbespierre, likewise, was willing t take his seat n the Cmmune f Paris, which had verthrwn Luis XVI, as a means t check the political ambitions f the Girndins. The strong men f the Cmmune were glad t have Rbespierre's assistance, nt because they cared fr him r believed in him, but because f his popularity, his reputation fr virtue (which had wn fr him the surname f "The Incrruptible"), and his influence ver the Jacbin Club and its branches ubiquitous thought France. It was he wh presented the petition f the Cmmune f Paris n August 16 t the Legislative Assembly, demanding the establishment f a revolutionary tribunal and the summoning f a Cnventin. The massacres f September in the prices, which Rbespierre unsuccessfully attempted t suppress, she that the Cmmune had mre confidence in Billaud than in him. Yet, as a prf f his personal popularity, he was a few days later elected first deputy fr Paris t the National Cnventin. n the meeting f the Cnventin the Girndins immediately attacked Rbespierre; they were jesus f his influence in Paris, and knew that his single-hearted fanaticism would never five their intrigues with the king at the end f July.
As early as September 26 the Girndists Marc-David Lasurce accused him f aiming at the dictatorship; afterwards he...
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