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Veronique Mukamire Professor Michael Mazzolini English 101. 02 February 28, 2005 Birth control and abortion The main methods of birth control are the following: sterilization, hormonal methods, using intrauterine devices (IUDs), spermicides (numerous contraceptive creams, suppositories, jelly, foams, etc), barrier methods, natural methods, abortions, withdrawal, celibacy, the rhythm method, etc. Each type of method has its cons and pros. Some of methods are medically proved to be effective in preventing pregnancy whereas there are methods based on different natural myths. Sterilization is, probably, one of the safest methods of birth control. It is the medical operation that prevents sperm from joining egg (male sterilization) or tubal ligation (female sterilization). However, the majority of people want to have children, so this method cannot be considered the best one.
The typical use rate of pregnancy is 0. 15 % for male sterilization and 0. 5 % for female sterilization (Hatcher, n. p. ). This operation is intended to be permanent. As far as people change their mind quickly, sterilization cannot be recommended for people under 30 - 35 who have never had children. Barrier methods of birth control are the following: female condom, male condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, vaginal sponge, etc. The typical use rate of unwanted pregnancy is 4 - 20 % (Hatcher, n.
p. )... Condoms are the most popular method of birth control. What are the benefits? It is inexpensive, easy to get, protects from most STDs and STIs, no health risks.
The diaphragm is not so good due to probable health risks (toxic shock syndrome, frequent bladder infections, etc). Hormonal methods are also very reliable. The typical use rate of unwanted pregnancy is 6 - 10 % (Hatcher, n. p. )...
There are two main types of hormonal methods: progestin-only hormonal methods and combination hormonal methods (containing both progestin (synthetic progesterone) and estrogen. Combination hormonal methods include rings, skin patches and pills. Progestin-only hormonal methods include implants, pills (also mini-pills) and injections (Depo-Provera). Hormonal methods are used by women.
What are pros and cons of both hormonal methods of birth control? Combination hormonal methods can not be recommended to women who: have diabetes, coronary artery disease, breast cancer, risk for blood clots, active hepatitis, lupus with heart, high triglyceride level, etc. Progestin-only methods cannot be recommended for women who: have active colitis, hepatitis, abnormal undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast cancer, etc. On the other hand, combination methods can reduce premenstrual symptoms, acne pain and irritability. Both methods reduce cramping and heavy bleeding during the periods, regulates cycle. However, there are health risks, such as weight gain, breast cancer risks, changes in mood (irritability, depression, anger, uncontrolled whining, nervousness, etc), spotting, cardiovascular risks, The emergency method of birth control is used after unprotected vaginal intercourse.
The typical use rate of unwanted pregnancy is 6 - 10 % (Hatcher, n. p. )... Although it can help to prevent pregnancy, it is considered quite dangerous due to high quantity of hormones. The principle of the emergency method is based on increased doses of hormones taken twelve hours apart and within 72 hours after the unprotected vaginal intercourse.
It is not recommended due to high health risks, such as vomiting, nausea, headaches. If you use the emergency method on a regular basis, it can cause menses to become irregular. Abortion as a form of birth control, means that it is made as a back-up method when no (or ineffective contraception) was used. It is a premature expulsion of human fetus.
The abortion can increase an incidence of miscarriage in future pregnancies, tubal pregnancy and sterility. It can affect a woman's future reproduction. In such a way, we cannot accept abortion as a kind of birth control along with other means of contraception. There are lots of pros and cons related to different methods of birth control.
You should take into account your health, the effectiveness of method, whether you want to have children in the future or not, potential side effects, limitations, etc. However, its your body and your choice. Remember only that the more you know about birth control methods, the more control you have over you life, deciding if or when you want to become pregnant. Bibliography. 1. R. A.
Hatcher, J. T russell, F. Stewart, et al. (no date). Contraceptive Technology. 17 th Revised edition, New York, NY: Irvington Publishers Inc. (in press).
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Research essay sample on Unwanted Pregnancy Birth Control
