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Animal Cruelty All of us, each of us, are interested in living in the world without violence and cruelty, to not be afraid to test them on ourselves. And whether you know, that annually millions experimental animals suffer and die in research laboratories? They are burnt, scalded, poisoned and starved, they are subject to torture by electric discharges and addicted to drugs; they are subject to impact of the low temperatures close to a freezing point, they contained since birth in full darkness and infected by such diseases, as a cancer, diabetes, mouth infections, stomach ulcer, syphilis, herpes, AIDS. From them surgically delete eyes, they are caused with brain damages and fractures. In a course of military researches animals are poisoned with gas, cyanic compounds, shot with plastic bullets. The vivisection (experiments on alive animals) takes the beginning in XVII century and represents for today one of the most black spots on conscience of mankind because severe experiments on animals continue to conduct in the increasing scales.
The problem of experiments with animals rises constantly and has old roots. For example, the first president of the French society of vivisection opponents was Victor Gauge, who, on the invitation to become the president of Society has answered so: " the vivisection is a crime; the human race should renounce this barbarity!" (Tyson) Now even physicians put necessity of experiments on animals under doubt. Doctor Vernon Koulman, a member of the Royal medical society, writes: "I cannot recollect any significant success in medicine which would be result of experiments on animals. How many millions animals more should be brought in victims before we shall refuse useless and barbarous practice of experiments on animals?" (Tyson) The medical products received by experiments on animals, not only did not reduce parameters of death rate from various diseases, but also were harmful to the human. The modern medicine counts up to 150 preparations passed numerous tests on animals, successfully put up in production and appeared dangerous to the human. The overwhelming majority (85 %) of experiments on animals, which have been conducted during last 100 years, fall for the period since 1950.
However, despite average life expectancy for this period practically has not changed, the number of chronic diseases continues to grow. The USA occupies 19 place on a death rate from 32 countries, though experiments on animals (from 65 up to 100 million animals one year! ) here are very popular (ASPCA). Results of experiments on animals are wrongful for transferring on the human because of difference of physiological and anatomic features, speed and character of metabolic processes. Among experts there is popular opinion, that the experimental medicine and medicament ous treatment cannot be considered, as a unique and basic way of recovery. These methods result in decrease and loss of protective forces of organism, its natural immunity, pollute the environment of an organism, and at the same time source of disease is not eliminated. The alternative to medicament ous medicine is naturopathic, preventive medicine basing on centuries-old observations of the human being, on experience of doctors of the East.
Other alternative homeopathy based on creation at people immunity, which successfully copes with the majority of diseases. Both naturopathy and homeopathy do not require experiments on animals. (Ryder) Before appearance on chemist's counters, preparations pass numerous tests on animals within 10 - 15 years with the purpose of studying late influences on an organism. At a stage of clinical tests 80 % of preparations are discarded and only 20 % are considered suitable for the use. Not only medical products tested on animals, but also hygienic and cosmetic remedies, building and the packing materials, the new compounds received by the industry. Animals breathe in fumes of substances which concentration so is great, that the most part of animals dies, having poisoned. (ASPCA) In the campaigns directed on rehabilitating natural fur, which the increasing number of people rejects because of compassion to animals, it was spoken, that this kind of a material is safe for an environment. However, as have shown by numerous checks, it is radically incorrect.
In particular, committees under advertising standards in England, Denmark, Holland, Italy and Finland have decided the following: any advertising declaring, that the fur is safe for ecology, confuses the consumer. As well as at any other industrial animal husbandry, in fur farming the huge amount of waste products is formed, and all this concentrates on a small site. The amount of waste products made by fur animals, according to the data of ecologist Mauro Live, in Finland, where there are 65 % of all farms on cultivation of foxes, equal to amount of waste products of one million persons! (Tyson) Annually for experiments in the cosmetic industry about 40. 000 animals is perished. (ASPCA) Manufacturers of cosmetics assert, that testing on animals harmless and almost without serious consequences for animals. However there is "a test for toxicity." In this experiment certain quantity of animals is tormented, until half of them will not be dead. Mammals, that is dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, mice and so forth are used.
The tested preparation injecting in a cavity of a stomach, a vein, muscles or is entering in a stomach. Also inhalation is used. Spasms, paralyses and asthmatic fits occurring as a result, are observed and carefully recorded. Frequently it lasts for a long time while half of tested animals will not be dead.
As the basis for such experiences serves the desire to protect the consumer from unpleasant consequences for health. But it is the extremely disputable, whether results of tests for animals be transferred on people as the leather of animals differs on a structure from a skin of the human and the set of enzymes in a digestive system of animals differs from human. (Ryder) Unfortunately, experimental animals are used during educational process. Though the majority of graduates from biological faculties will never work with animals, they are forced to dissect animals or to conduct painful experiments above them. During training students become indifferent to questions of the personal responsibility and respect for all alive, equate animals to disposable tools. Now grows and develops the world movement for high-quality humanity education in biological, medical and veterinary high schools. Students and teachers use computer programs, mathematical models, video films, observe alive animals, treat patients, operate on corpses of the animals died with natural death.
Experience of alternative education, practicing in Sweden, England and Italy, proves, that students perfectly graduate institutes, not bringing sufferings to animals (Hepner). Though some children dream to become circus performers, for all circus animals the limit of dreams to run away from this prison. Behind all gloss of performance it is very difficult to believe that circus animals no more than slaves which forced to carry out unnatural, often painful tricks. Circuses quickly would lose popularity if the public knows about conditions in what animals are keeping, and what occurs with them after the end of "circus career." If circus suffers from difficult financial problems, it saves first of all on conditions of the animals keeping. The majority of circus animals spend the life in small cages. They are in them during transportation, and freed from cages only for the period of performance.
Physical punishments are a standard method of training. The beginning of struggle for should be considered time when have been organized societies for this purpose of and the legislation for animals protection began creating. Public organizations on animals protection from cruelty have arisen for the first time in the Great Britain. The first had been created the in 1824 in London. English queen Victoria reigning almost all XIX century, was the big lover of animals; she patronized the Society on animals protection from cruelty, in her honor it has received the name Royal.
Queen Victoria could lift public prestige of the Society that was extremely important for its successful job, for overcoming the scornful attitude of the public to questions of animal protection. Some members of the Society belonged to English aristocracy, and it also strengthened the status of the Society. (Guithe) After 1824 animal protection societies have starting to create in the different countries of Europe: in the Scandinavian countries, in Germany, Switzerland and others. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has been created in 1856. Its founder became rich New York citizen Henry Bergh.
Within 70 th years Bergh tried to carry out the legislation against a vivisection, but it was unsuccessful (ASPCA). Struggle against the vivisection proceeded later. The outstanding American physicians regretted that the vivisection deprives students-physicians of natural feeling of humanity, compassion's. The professor of medicine in Harvard H.
Below wrote: "Look at students during a vivisection. All their attention is not paid to science, but to blood and sufferings at which they look, having concealed breath. If job in hospital makes young students less susceptible to sufferings, the vivisection kills their humanity and generates indifference to it." He wrote: "There will be time when the world will look at a modern vivisection in the name of science, as he looks now at burning of people on a fire in the name of religion" (Singer b). In 1877 the American animal protection societies were united and have formed the American Humanity Association; one of its tasks was to facilitate fate of cattle which have been transported to massacres through all country in inadmissible conditions: thousand animals have been died on the way because them often did not feed and not given drink. In the beginning of XX century animal protection movement was spread to the countries of English empire; animal protection societies, first of all domestic, have been created, in India, Africa, Australia, Canada.
Movement has reached even Japan which supported close contacts with the English-speaking countries. English defenders of animals have formed a joint English-Italian animal protection society in Italy; with support of English money the Fund of animal protection has been organized as well in Greece. (Guithe) After animal protection societies have arisen on all continents, there was a question about creation of international organization. With the initiative of creation such international Body on animal cruelty prevention, has seconded the Royal society in the Great Britain, and in 1959 one more Body the International animal protection society has been created, which have organized in common Royal Society (Great Britain) and Massachusetts Society on animal cruelty prevention (USA). The International Society has created system of inspectors, which conducted job in different corners of the globe, helping animals, conducting educational job in the countries of the Third world. (Guithe) Second half of XX century has seen the new approach to a problem of mutual relation of the human with animals. If earlier defenders of animals did not put a question on, whether there is any moral duty to animals on them, new movement for Animals Rights, arisen at the end of 60 s the beginning of 70 s of our century, has proclaimed, that animals have the same rights, as any other being on Earth, on life, on disposal from sufferings. Supporters of the animal rights assert, that violent use by human in relation to animals represents the same discrimination, as oppression of people of other gender or other race.
They remind, that the mankind or, at least, its significant part long time indignantly rejected idea of equality of all people irrespective of their racial, class or gender attribution. Cease to see in a being of other biological kind the instrument of achievement of own purposes last moral frontier that is necessary to overcome by modern mankind. One of the most outstanding participants of Animal Rights Movement Peter Singer defines discrimination of animals so: "the racist breaks the principle of equality, attaching the greater significance to interests of own race at the expense of other race interests. The opponent of sex equality breaks the principle of equality, preferring interests of own gender. Similarly the one who accepts discrimination by kind, supposes, that interests of mankind were put above interests of other kinds. But in all cases principle is the same. " (Singer) The mankind gradually improves its ethical principles, refusing from a various sort of discrimination by sexual, class, property, national and racial attributes.
In process of development of spirituality people start to feel themselves uncomfortably that their activity is constantly connected to causing suffering to other beings. We gradually realize, that animals have their independent value and exist not to serve as raw material for satisfaction of human needs. "Discrimination of alive beings only for benefit of own kind is the form of prejudice" (Singer). Altruism, compassion and empathy to all feeling beings, capable to feel the pain and fear parameters of a high moral level. In a society where violence used, and it can only be applied to animals, people will constantly test on themselves with cruelty and immorality of other people.
Bibliography: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Website < web > Guithe, Harold. Animal Rights: History and Scope of a Radical Social Movement. Southern Illinois University Press, 1998 Hepner, Lisa Ann. "Animals in Education: The Facts, Issues and Implications", Richmond Publishers, Albuquerque NM. 1994 Ryder, Richard. "Victims of Science: The Use of Animals in Research", National Anti-Vivisection Society, Centaur Press Publishers, Font well, 1983 Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation. Revised edition, New York: Random House, 1990 Singer, Peter "The Animal Liberation Movement: Its Philosophy, Its Achievements and Its Future", Old Hammond Press Publishers, Nottingham, 1986 Tyson, Wynne- "The Extended Circle: A Commonplace Book of Animal Rights", 1989
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Research essay sample on Animal Cruelty Queen Victoria
