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Example research essay topic: Division Of Labor Sociological Theory - 950 words

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Sociology It is known, that social conflict have roots in the ideas of Karl Marx, the great German theorist and political activist. Marx emphasized a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical method of analysis and a political program of revolution. His conflict theory was based on production relations: (ownership vs. non-ownership of means of production). Building on Marx social conflict theory it has to substitute relations of power for property as the cause of conflict and explore the intensity and violence of conflicts. So, conflict gives rise to changes.

Marx thought that the way the work is socially organized and the technology used in production will have a strong impact on every other aspect of society. He emphasized that everything of value in society results from human labor. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness. (Marx 1971: 20). For Marx, the central institution of capitalist society is private property, the system by which capital (money, machines, tools, factories, and other objects used in production) is controlled by a small minority of the population. This leads to two opposed classes, the owners of capital (called the bourgeoisie) and the workers (called the proletariat) Because the dominant or ruling class (the bourgeoisie) controls the social relations of production, the dominant ideology in capitalist society is of the ruling class. Marx saw the need for social criticism and for political activity for the socialism.

It must not be based on private property. It is not necessary to involve as many contradictions and conflicts as capitalism. Marx had been wrong so far as explaining social processes in industrialized societies. There are some Critique of Marxist Conflict Theory. First of them says that not all conflict represents economic or social class interests. The other is a similarity between socialist and capitalist societies in ern's of the workings of the legal system: arrest and imprisonment as solutions to the "crime" problem.

In recent years Marxist theory has taken a great variety of forms, notably the world-systems theory proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein. The name of Wallerstein is now synonymous with that of the World Systems Theory. Wallerstein's World System Theory is called neo-Marxist. It utilizes some of the basic categories of Marxist analysis. World System Theory seems to be a critique of both Modernization and Third World theories.

But what is a world-system? A world-system is a social system, one that has boundaries, structures, member groups, rules of legitimating, and coherence. Its life is made up of the conflicting forces. They hold it together by tension and tear it apart as each group seeks eternally to remold it to its advantage. It suggests that there is one world system which is capitalist.

This system produces a division of labor. Between the countries of the world the role of either 'core' or 'periphery' within the system are taken? . 'Core' nations are those with complex economies. They tend to dominate. 'Peripheral' nations are those with weak economies who are largely dependent on the 'core' nations for their survival. Capitalism is based on the constant absorption of economic loss by political entities. Its economic gain is distributed to "private" hands. What is it talking that capitalism as an economic mode is based on the fact that the economic factors operate within an arena larger than that which any political entity can totally control?

It has made possible the constant economic expansion of the world-system. The only alternative world-system that could maintain a high level of productivity and change the system of distribution would involve the reintegration of the levels of political and economic decision-making. We have defined a world-system as one in which there is extensive division of labor. This division is not functional that is occupational but geographical. That is to say, the range of economic tasks is not evenly distributed throughout the world-system. But for the most part, it is a function of the social organization of work.

One which magnifies and legitimizes the ability of some groups within the system is to receive a larger share of the surplus. If world-systems are the only real social systems, then it must follow that the emergence, consolidation, and political roles of classes and status groups must be appreciated as elements of this world system. And in turn it follows that one of the key elements in analyzing a class or a status-group is not only the state of its self-consciousness but the geographical scope of its self-definition. We say there may be only one class.

Although we have also said that classes only actually exist in conflict situations, and conflicts presume two sides. There is no contradiction here. For a conflict it may be defined as being between one class, which conceives of itself as the universal class, and all the other classes. This has in fact been the usual situation in the modern world-system. The capitalist class (the bourgeoisie) has claimed to be the universal class and sought to organize political life to pursue its objectives against two opponents.

In recent years social thinkers have come to an understand that creating theories about the social world is far from a perfect process. They have determined a number of critiques about the social theories. Sociological theory, like other fields of knowledge, is influenced by political factors. And some political orientations have influenced the theory greatly. So, some critiques have given rise to a new type of social theory. Bibliography: George, River.

Contemporary Sociological theory and its Classical roots: the basics. Chat. XII, p. 230 Peter, Kivisto. Social theory: Roots and Branches. 2 nd edition. Jonathan, H. , Turner.

The structure of Sociological theory. 7 th edition.


Free research essays on topics related to: conflict theory, sociological theory, social conflict, division of labor, capitalist society

Research essay sample on Division Of Labor Sociological Theory

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