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Example research essay topic: One Can Find Late 19 Th Century - 1,891 words

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... must be fully opened during the ceremony. The bedding may be of cotton, silk, velvet, velour, crepe and actually almost all of possible materials we know today. But the named materials are traditional and that is why common used. Cremations often mean no open casket ceremonies.

Through the Ice Age into Embalming In 1867, the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofman discovered formaldehyde, whose preservative properties were soon discovered and which became the foundation for modern methods of embalming. Embalming chemicals vary in their composition, but most are based on formaldehyde and methanol (wood alcohol). Embalming, in most modern cultures, is a process used to temporarily preserve a human cadaver to forestall decomposition and make it suitable for display at a funeral. It has a long history, and other cultures had embalming processes that had much greater religious meaning. Perhaps as far as one can remember, the embalming has its roots in ancient Egypt. Egypt was always famous for its unusual traditions.

It is also very popular today, because of its mysteries, which are being learning by thousands of scientists all over the world. There are a lot of books and scientific articles on Egypt of 4000 - 2000 years BC. But the more significant fact one can recollect at the moment is that embalming techniques were developed at that time. It is said, that the pre-embalming procedure is important in setting the stage for a successful embalming. The recommended sequence calls for a thorough disinfection and bodily cleansing. It is crucial that the disinfectant used should have sustained bactericidal potency and is fully capable of retarding skin slip, as well as fulfilling deodorizing requirements.

It is necessary to clean all exposed body parts (including privates) with a germicidal soap. When these procedures are done, the wounds should be stitched together as near to original as possible prior to embalming. Practically, proper embalming begets proper cosmetology. Improper embalming makes skillful cosmetizing impossible, and may result in a mummified effect, which is quite not desirable. Administration of embalming chemicals looks like an arterial injection. An embalming room is to be properly ventilated and sanitized.

After concluding the embalming procedure, the facial cosmetizing must be done. After the corpse has been dressed, it is placed in the coffin for the various funeral rites. Transportation Carriage to Gas Buggy A catafalque, normally a raised platform supporting a bier on which a coffin rests, may be represented for ceremonial purposes by a shrine or remembrance stone. Talking about the transporting of dead peoples bodies on such transport it should be stressed that among military funeral traditions one can find such concept, as a catafalque party. According to a legend, the first catafalque (cat-a-falk) parties guarded important and wealthy peoples coffins from thieves and vandals.

At a memorial service for a distinguished personage, which is being held at a different location or time to the actual funeral, a representation of a catafalque may be erected in the churches concerned. A catafalque party also must not be senior in rank to the deceased over whom it is mounted. Actually, at the first time gasoline buggy sometimes was called a horseless carriage. Talking about its technical possibilities its speed was of ten to twelve miles per hour. As it was more convenient and practical, soon it became popular and wide used.

And of course, people began use it in burial practice too. Today the transport which is widely used for burial processes are called catafalques. The term, from the Italian cata falco, or scaffolding, refers to the raised (and often movable) platform that a casket rests on during a funeral or memorial service. The most notable Italian catafalque was the one designed and constructed by Michelangelo's fellow artists for his 1564 funeral at Florence's Santa Croce. Practically it is used in funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial. The catafalque is dark-colored.

During the process it is normally decorated with flowers and ribbons. Not well-to-do people may use just simple special cars. Such cars are long enough to contain a coffin inside of it. The Pattern of late 19 th Century funerals In the end of 19 th century not all deaths were acts of nature: trains frequently hit people. The second most frequent killer was suicide. So, how were the bodies of those unfortunates cared for?

At that time was observed the steady development of undertaking from a collection of cottage industries in colonial times to a more professionalized and centralized business. The process took place in the mid- to late 19 th century. By about the 1850 s, individuals specifically designated as undertakers were consolidating the range of tasks that had previously been divided among many - from laying out the body (formerly done at home by female members of the family) to selling ready-made caskets (formerly custom-built by local cabinet makers), and even transporting the body to the burial site. While professional undertakers gradually became more common, several businesses - often dealers in furniture - continued to provide an array of undertaking services as a sideline. The stand-alone undertaking business, however, was also well established locally. For example, on February 10, 1888 in one of those times newspapers a large ad appeared: John A.

Kenower, Undertaker and Embalmer. Having purchased the establishment of Peter Eagle, and added largely thereto, I have now the Largest and Most Complete Stock of undertaking supplies in Wood county. Have two hearses, one of which is the finest in Northwestern Ohio. Finest carriage in Bowling Green. Fine show room, where can be found wood, cloth covered and metallic caskets. Coffins of all grades and prices.

I make a specialty of burial robes for all ages and sexes. I use none but patent cooling boards with canopy. Special pains taken in preserving bodies by the new process of embalming. Having had experience since boyhood, I take full charge from house to cemetery thus relieving friends of all responsibility. Calls promptly attended to, night and day. Carriages furnished.

As we see, such industry was very well developed (and was developing quickly! ) at that time. The undertaking became a profession. The Associational impulse Robert Haberstein and William Lamers' 1955 The History of American Funeral Directing details the development of the burial sphere and the profession from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome; through early Christianity, medieval Europe, and early industrial England; and on to the American experience and the panorama of modern funeral directing. Its financial sponsorship by the National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) notwithstanding, Haberstein and Lamers archival based investigation seemed judicious, and certainly revealed extensive familiarity with the history of the field in America. Talking about Associations in this sphere, in 1992, the National Funeral Directors Association held its 111 th meeting in San Antonio. A straw vote was taken of its members' preferences for U.

S. President that year. Bush was favored by nearly two-thirds. One mortician said the votes were swayed by funeral directors' concerns about Clinton's plans to more heavily tax Americans making over $ 200, 000 annually more. "Who in the hell doesn't make $ 200, 000 anymore?" he said. So, nobody nay have doubts in a fact of profitableness of the sphere of burial services. Such Associations are gathering to discuss the commercial questions, the new technologies etc.

The institutional growth and modern associational developments With development of the sphere we are talking about a wide range of different burial services are developing too. Especially today, when technical possibilities are in fact boundless and when some people turned that in a kind of business. Today, ordering a coffin or urn we are also being offered monuments and memorials, burial service in church, special black clothes for the ceremony and different other funeral equipments. Sometimes undertakers may even propose special black clothes for the burial process. All this points out to the institutional growth and the associational developments. The most famous (of course, if we can indicate them as famous or popular in this especial case) burial companies, or undertakers are troubling much for the quality of their services, providing the coffins made of the best materials, providing best transport and organization of best ceremonies.

And of course, they do good money. Surfing in the Internet, one can find thousands of link and thousands of different web sites concerning this topic. Theres enough advertisement of lots of undertakers offices. People may become acquainted with an assortment of coffins and services and even order a coffin and those services on-line. Coming back to the beginning of this work I may say that Im completely agree with the author of the epigraph. When a person die, finishes only her life, but not a relationship with the relatives and the loved people in general.

Something invisible and spiritual is always present in such cases. That is why people always want to bury a person they loved in the best way. That is why this sphere of services would exist till the end of the life on our planet. The Panorama of modern funeral practice It also worth mentioning, that burying the dead used to be men's work.

Hoisting dead bodies and lifting heavy caskets was reserved for the brawnier sex, with fathers passing the family funeral home to sons. But today many women appeared in this sphere. Generally, how does it look today? To my mind, if we have some idea about how people did it in past we can imagine how they do it today. Some traditions are transforming and changing, some are still the same, also appear some new traditions. Friends and family are gathering to share memories and to say goodbye to a dead person, they offer a catafalque to transport a body, ordering religious service etc.

The burial process takes place in the open air. They also have a minute of silence. Normally people wear black, cry and carry flowers. You also may choose a traditional or a contemporary ceremony, a funeral provides a profound experience that ultimately aids the grieving process. But however death is death and people are always the same. People always want to bury a person they love in the best way.

Moreover, it is said that burial the dead people is a care the live people. It is really so, even for reasons of hygiene. Dedicated to routines rather than events and to smoothing out affect and emotion, we might see the modern style of death arising from undertaking, but not as others have suggested. Undertaking gains importance not through embalming, professionalization, or the creation of specialized funeral homes, but for what it reveals about the significance of body snatching, transportation, sanitary science, and gender relations in antebellum America. Its a common knowledge fact that sometimes everyone is thinking about what death is and what happens after death. Someone doesnt believe in life after death but believes in life after birth.

Somebody doesnt believe in a hell, sin, or redemption. On the other hand, people have quite a few opinions about what does happen after death. But most people are honest enough to say, We dont really know, and there isnt any way to know. Bibliography: Bendann, E. Death Customs, 1969.

Funeral Customs the World Over, 1963. Lamers, W. M. The History of American Funeral Directing, 1962.


Free research essays on topics related to: late 19 th century, embalming, funeral, one can find, ancient egypt

Research essay sample on One Can Find Late 19 Th Century

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