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Tuberculosis Jackson Y. W. Li M. Sc, Stephen T.
H. Lo M. Sc, Chi-Sing Ng F. R.
C. Path (2001) reported in Re: Molecular Detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis that they have studied retrospectively paraffin-embedded tissues of 115 patients showing granulomatous inflammation using Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tbc) -specific IS 6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The researchers received unexpected false-positive IS 6110 -PCR results in high percentages of tissues from gastrointestinal tracts, urinary tracts, and other extra pulmonary sites of non-TB patients.
Their investigation was based on clinical tests with the use of the multiple-targets approach. The researchers attempted to prove that the multiple-targets approach facilitates more accurate diagnosis of TB when the cases are problematic. This research is intended for the level of a general practitioner. I think its information is reliable and can be applied in medical practice.
C. Michael Samson, M. D. , dedicated his investigation to ocular tuberculosis. The author stated the problem in the following way: contemporary knowledge of the pathology of ocular tuberculosis is quite limited. Samson argued that rarity of the cases of ocular tuberculosis determines the insufficiency of information about it, and consequently, there may be inaccuracy of diagnosis or incomplete of treatment. The researcher made a histological examination that showed granulomatous inflammation of the choroid, characterized by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and giant cells, in the presence of caseating necrosis.
The article is intended for medical professionals and it reveals new areas for scientific investigation. The author used other literary sources for summarizing information on the item and making conclusions. There no references for laboratory tests in the article and thus I consider the information it gives to be insufficient and incomplete. The article Tuberculosis of the cystic duct lymph node is authored by group of scientists - Valdinaldo Aragao de Melo; Gustavo Barreto de Melo; Renata Lemos Silva; Nestor Pics; Maria Liza Doria Almeida (2004) - from Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. This article is designated for medical professionals. The authors proposed the use PCR method and computed tomography for making diagnosis of this pathology.
In the investigation of this case there were made some conclusions, such as: it is possible that high concentrations of bile acids provide protection against the tubercle bacillus; and he presence of gallstones, which was detected in more than 90 % of the reported cases of gallbladder tuberculosis, may play an important role in the development of this disease. This investigation was based on clinical tests and experiments and thus I consider the information provided in the article reliable and sufficient. The pathology of cutaneous tuberculosis was investigated in the article Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Monte S Meltzer. Monte S Meltzer is MD, Chief, Dermatology Service, Union Memorial Hospital. I think that this clinical experience of the author adds to reliability of his scientific research and makes his conclusions well-grounded. The article may useful for those who specialize in Dermatology and Mycobacterial Infections.
Monte S Meltzer discussed the pathophysiology of cutaneous tuberculosis and noted that extra pulmonary TB may occur as part of a primary or late generalized infection or as a reactivation site that may coexist with pulmonary reactivation. Also the researcher concluded that commonly sites of extra pulmonary disease are mediastinal, retroperitoneal, and cervical (scrofula) lymph nodes, vertebral bodes, adrenals, meninges, and the GI tract. Pathology of these lesions is similar to those in the lung. Judging by the rate of findings and new data included to the article, I think that this article deserves high scientific appreciation. Mahesh Kumar Neelala Anand wrote the article Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal. The author is MBBS, DNB, FRCR, Consulting Staff, Department of Radiology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Oldham Hospital, Manchester in UK.
He discusses radiologic features and pathologic correlation to the pattern of tuberculous infection in the GI tract that may informative for patients as well as for specialists in Radiology and Gastroenterology. The necessity of his research Mahesh Kumar Neelala Anand related to the fact that GI TB remains a major health problem in underdeveloped countries. The researcher worked out the classification of intestinal TB: 1) The ulcerative form; 2) The hypertrophic form; 3) The ulcerohypertrophic form. The author supplied their arguments with sufficient data, collected either form other sources or based on laboratory tests including barium examination and CT scan. On the whole, I think that the research work done by Mahesh Kumar Neelala Anand is reliable enough.
Mangwani, Jitendra, Gupta, Anil Kumar, Yadav, C S, Rao, K S (2001) wrote Unusual presentation of shoulder joint tuberculosis: A case report. This article is for medical professionals, especially for those who work in the Orthopaedics. The authors studied a case of shoulder joint tuberculosis using laboratory examination of the patients blood (haemoglobin, leucocyte), the ESR (Westergren), VDRL test, the tuberculin test and the chest X-ray. The researchers described the structural and functional changes occurred in the patents shoulder joints in details. According t o this article, the delay of diagnosis of tuberculosis of the shoulder joint refers to the pathologic process, which has been described as a slow, insidious, dry type of lesion, commonly known as caries sicca in adults. Also the group of the authors recommended the usage of modern imaging techniques in diagnosing tuberculosis of the shoulder joint.
All in all, to my mind, the information given in this article can be argued and requires serious reexamination and further investigations. In the article TB Cases in the United States it was estimated the rates of TB infection in developing countries and also the authors of the article provided with the conclusions concerning the rate of TB in the USA. The conclusions are the following: Though TB cases diminished nationally, TB cases grew in some areas. Those TB patients who do not complete their therapy may develop and further spread strains of TB. An increasing number of TB cases are among the (foreign-born) US residents. These estimations are mostly based on the data collected in 1997 - 1998.
So, today they may be considered to be out of date. The method used in this article is estimation of case rate. The article provides no information about its authors. I think that the audience of this investigation can range from average people to the students whose major subject is not medicine. Another research of epidemiology Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis was done by M. V.
Burgos and A. S. Pym (2002). The authors are the members of Division of Infectious Diseases & Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, in USA. This article is intended for the professionals in health care.
The authors of the article argued that molecular epidemiology, will give newer tools for probing the epidemiology of tuberculosis. The authors attempted to forecast that Asia and Africa will become the areas where the incidence of tuberculosis will increase. Also, the researches concluded that the impact of tuberculoses is great because it affects people in the most productive period of their life. The method used in this article is the identification of a novel mycobacterial insertion sequence which formed the basis of a reproducible genotyping technique for M.
tuberculosis. I think that the information in this article is reliable and deserves high scientific appreciation. In Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis Barnes PF, Cave MD (2003) recommended more rapid genotyping tests and claimed that they should be supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors described the method that can be used for primary genotyping of the isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This method is mycobacterial-interspersed repetitive-units (MIRU) analysis. The method will help the laboratories to analyze the isolates of from the people with culture-positive tuberculoses and report the results within two weeks.
I think that the article is intended for health care professionals and its information is reliable. The article contains no additional information about the author. To my mind the information given in the article is reliable. I anticipate that this method will be widely used and will contribute diminishing the rate of tuberculoses in the USA. The article Epidemiology of tuberculosis: Current status in India observes the proportion of tuberculoses in this country, the perspectives and the methods that can be used to fight the problem. The author noted that the incidence in India is the following: prevalence ratio is about 1: 3.
Also, Chakraborty, A K, described assessing tuberculoses through mathematical models. Due to these models scientists evaluated a range of extensions to global control strategies in terms of their potential effects on tuberculosis incidence and mortality, by regions of the world, from 1998 to 2030. However, this model was designed for decision making on alternatives rather than on forecasting the disease situation. The article provides no information about the author, but sufficient references and accurate explanations make me thinks that this source is a reliable one. The audience of this article may range from average people to professionals in epidemiology.
Another research Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) in a High-Incidence Setting: New Insights into TB Dynamics and Transmission was written by the scientist N. Beyers from Stellenbosch Univ. , Tygerberg, South Africa in 2002. The topicality of this research is proved by the fact that South Africa is one of the most tuberculosis-burdened countries. N. Beyers used the following methods: the tuberculosis register and national census data combined with RFLP data, a geographical information system, sociological interviews of patients with tuberculosis, the analysis of distribution and transmission of tuberculosis. The author...
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Research essay sample on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Medical Professionals
