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Only Me Tangier The political and religious institutions established by Spain in the Philippines consistently contributed to the underdevelopment of the Philippines. Joseph Rival in his work called Only Me Tangier shows the development of the Phillipines under the influence of Spain. Arguably ne f the mst influential news in world history, Noli Me Tangere nt nly inspired the Philippine Revlutin but nationalist movements in China and in ther countries f Southeast Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This new translation is based n the facsimile edition f the regional manuscript and resorts previously unpublished sectin's f the new, making it the mst faithful rendering f Rizal's regional manuscript. It really was an important contribution t the cmmemratin f the centennial f the Philippine Revlutin.
One hundred years ago, on the eve of December 30, 1896, Jose Rizal wrote his Ultimo Adios, replete with pathos and patriotic devotion, a masterpiece of 19 th century Spanish verse. At early dawn the following day, he faced a military firing squad and died, a martyr to the Filipino quest for justice during the Spanish regime. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna, to a prosperous landowner and sugar planter of Filipino-Chinese descent on June 19, 1861. His mother, Theodora Alonso, and the teachings of the Catholic Church powerfully influenced his intellectual and moral development. At an early age, he demonstrated a prolific talent for poetry, writing his first poem at age eight.
In 1877, at age 16, he graduated with highest honors from the Ateneo de Manila. In 1882, he went to Spain to pursue medical studies, which he had started at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. At age 24, he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Letters, and Doctor of Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He traveled extensively in Europe, attending classes at the universities of Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Berlin, Vienna, continuing his studies in various fields, including ethnology and anthropology. Besides Tagalog, Malayan and Spanish, his linguistic proficiency encompassed seven European languages, plus Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Sanskrit, Hebrew and Arabic.
A versatile genius, he achieved recognition as a novelist, linguist, anthropologist, biologist, zoologist, sculptor, painter, journalist and illustrator. To secure political and social reforms and to educate his countrymen, he published several nationalistic and revolutionary works in Europe. His Noli Me Tangere was published in 1887 in Berlin. This is a poignant novel exposing the evils and despotism of the colonial government and Spanish clergy, comparable in its effect to H. B. Stowe's Uncle Toms Cabin.
In 1891, he published the El Filibusterismo, a sequel to the first novel. Printed in Ghent, Belgium, it portrays the rampant injustices suffered by the Filipinos, spun around the tragic story of a man determined to fight the oppressors, albeit in devious and violent ways. Both novels drew strong attacks from Spanish authorities and were barred from getting widely distributed. In 1890, he edited Antonio Morgas Success de las Islas Filipina's a historical work in which he proved that the Filipinos had a worthy civilization prior to the coming of the Spaniards.
Together with M. H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jan, he organized the Propaganda Movement and published a newspaper, La Solidaridad, using pen and tongue to expose injustices and urged reforms to the Spanish regime. Their political program as expressed in the newspaper, included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Spanish Cortes, replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law. Undaunted by fears for his safety and warnings from friends and family, he returned to the Philippines in 1892 and founded the La Liga Filipina, emphasizing that it was a civic and economic society aiming to encourage education, agriculture and commerce, unite the whole country for the common good, carry out mutual protection in every grievance and necessity, put up defense against violence and injustice, and study and apply reforms.
The Spanish authorities suspected the association of planning to overthrow the government and searched the homes of the members. Rizal was arrested, and on July 7, 1892, was sent on exile to Dapitan, Mindanao. As enterprising as ever, he spent his four years of exile doing scientific research and founding a school and hospital. In 1896, the Katipunan under Andres Bonifacio, launched a revolt against Spain.
Although Rizal had no part in the insurrection, a military court convicted him of rebellion and sedition. On this centennial anniversary of Rizal's death, we salute a great Filipino, who lived fully, loved selflessly, gave of himself generously; a strong advocate of non-violent reforms for equal rights, education and liberty. In his own words, he said, I have perceived a little light and I believe it is my duty to show it to my countrymen. Jose Rizal was a person who fought for Filipino rights.
He was a member of an organization called the Propaganda Movement whose purpose was to awaken the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country Essentially, he wanted equality between the Spanish and the Filipinos. The area of Spanish domination that Rizal attacked was the religious order. The Franciscans and Dominicans used their religious authority to take control of government politics. The friars had control over tax collection, education, and the land. Their main abuse was their racism towards the Filipinos. The friars felt and believed the Filipinos were just beasts and wild creatures, so the people need not be educated- just controlled.
With this feeling of subordination, Jose Rizal had to take a stand. Jose Rizal targeted the religious order by his writings. Two of his famous works, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, vividly describe how the friars took advantage of the Filipinos. His writings did create a lot of controversy, but a lot of Filipinos began to be aware that they must regain their country and heritage.
Although Rizal was arrested, other people began to carry his work. Andres Bonifacio is one person who continued the battle for the Filipinos rights. He formed an organization called the Katipunan. The goal of the group was to gain independence from Spain. Members of the Katipunan, which increased rapidly, began violent revolts against the Spanish.
The Katipunan killed many people and were victorious, but Rizal was seen as the motivator of the movement. On December 30, 1896, Rizal was found guilty and shot to death. Despite his death, Jose Rizal is responsible for leading the independence movement against Spain. The most notable victim of this system of lawless persecution was Rizal, the hero patriot of the Philippines who suffered deportation, and ultimately death, as a result of the machinations of the friars. Jose Rizal y Mercado was born about the year 1865, at Calamba, in Laguna Province. His father, a Filipino of some means, was able and anxious to afford him all possible facilities for acquiring a liberal education, especially after the boy had displayed unusual talent a application under the instruction of the Jesuits at Manila.
He was sent to the University of Madrid, from which he secured the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy. Later he prosecuted his studies in Paris and at various German universities, not without imbibing something of the socialistic ideas that pervaded those institutions at the time. The unhappy condition of his native land was the subject of Rizal's constant concern, and he pondered deeply upon the problem of its deliverance from the thralldom of the friars. Neither then, nor at any later time, does Rizal appear to have harbored any treasonable thoughts against the Spanish Government. Indeed, his last voluntary act was an exhibition of loyalty. But in his early years he became formally convinced that the future prosperity of the Philippines depended upon its freedom from the domination of the friars, and he was ready to support any movement having that object in view.
During Doctor Rizal's stay in Germany he published a romance entitled Noli me tangere, in which the priests of the Philippines were depicted in an unattractive light and their worst practices exposed. This was followed by another political novel on somewhat similar lines. The books were written in Spanish and were doubtless widely read amongst the class, which was held up to odium in them. Written by one of the heroes of the Philippine revolution, this book is a semi-autobiographical account of Philippine society during its days as a Spanish colony.
Noli Me Tangere, roughly translated as Touch Me Not, reflects the hypocrisy and corruption present in that time. Former translations have aptly titled it, The Social Cancer. Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, the protagonist, returns to his country after being educated in Madrid, and seeks to marry Maria Clara, a young woman who had been betrothed to him when they were children. He tries to use his education to help the townspeople, but the clergy thwarts his efforts. It is these priests who prevent him from learning the true cause of his fathers death, and he is eventually labeled as a heretic and is excommunicated from society.
He escapes being assassinated and flees, vowing to revenge himself, his father, and Maria Clara. There is an incredible amount of detail in this novel, and the translation is superb. The characters are vivid - who can forget Sites tragedy and the eerie Father Save? You dont have to be a historian or a student to enjoy this novel, and knowing nothing about that place or time period will not affect its intensity and pathos. Noli Me Tangere is Latin for touch me not, an allusion to the Gospel of St. John where Jesus says to Mary Magdalene: Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my father.
In this modern classic of Filipino literature, Jose P. Rizal exposes matters... so delicate that they cannot be touched by anybody, unfolding an epic history of the Philippines that has made it the most influential political novel in that country in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The popularity of this novel is grounded in its reflection of the turbulent times in which it was written. Its influence on Filipino political thinking, as well as on contemporary fiction, drama, opera, dance, and film, has been and continuous to be enormous. The vivid characters and the harsh situations depicted still ring true today.
Jose Rizal, national hero of the Philippines, completed Noli Me Tangere in Spanish in 1887 while he was studying in Europe, and it was first published in Berlin. Rizal continued to write, completing a second novel and many other poems and essays, until he was executed by firing squad in 1886. Since then, the Noli has appeared in French, Chinese, German and Philippine languages. Two other English translations have made the Noli accessible, but Soledad Lesson-Losing new translation offered here is the first to work from facsimile editions on the manuscripts and to restore significant sections of the original text. The result is the most authoritative and faithful English translation to date. Dr.
Jose P. Rizal wrote his first novel, Noli me Tangere, which was published in Europe in 1887, at the age of twenty-six. The book and its sequel, El Filibusterismo, were banned in the Philippines because of their diatribe of the countrys Spanish government and clergy. Copies were smuggled in nevertheless and when Rizal returned to the Philippines after completing medical studies, he quickly ran afoul of the local government. First exiled to Mindanao, he was later arrested for inciting rebellion based largely on his writings. The Spanish colonial government accused Rizal of two crimes: First, the founding of La Liga Filipina, an illegal organization whose single aim was to perpetrate the crime of rebellion; Second, rebellion which he promoted through his previous activities.
Thirdly, the prosecution drew information from the dossier on Rizal which detailed his subversive activities some of which were the following: The writing and publication of Noli me Tangere, the Annotations to Morgas History of the Philippines, El Filibusterismo, and the various articles which criticized the friars and suggested their expulsion in order to win independence. The Fili was dedicated to the three martyr priests who were executed as traitors to the Fatherland in 1872 because they were the moving spirits of the uprising of that year. The establishment of Masonic lodges which became the propaganda and fund raising center to support subversive activities and the establishment of centers in Madrid, Hongkong and Manila to propagate his ideas. The Spanish martial court found him guilty of the crimes of founding illegal associations and of promoting and inciting to the crime of rebellion and sentenced him to death. He was to be executed at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896. Today, we close an incident as we rekindle an old friendship.
The incident was the execution of a Filipino patriot falsely accused of being an enemy of Spain. The truth is that Rizal, a product of the Spanish academe's and a friend to many of Spain's most respected republicans and social democrats of that period, had nothing but goodwill for the Spanish Crown and the Spanish people. As summed up by the eminent Spanish writer, Miguel de Unamuno, Rizal's regard for Spain was one of moderation and serenity, of deep sympathy and affection... And so, as we gather here in the bosom of this great Spanish capital to unveil this magnificent monument of Rizal, we can truly say that Rizal is once more in Spain and mother and son are reunited after a hundred years.
This monument symbolizes the reunification of Spain and the Philippines. It is the strongest testimony, set in enduring granite, of Spain's nobility in recognizing a great Filipino whom Unamuno once described as una perla de hombre. Rizal does not only belong to my country. He belongs also to Spain and to all freedom-loving nations. We cannot deny our Spanish heritage because we cannot erase history. And Rizal was the most precious of Spain's treasures in the Philippines.
Rizal could not have excelled, could not have written his novels, and could not have reached out to his people and to the world if he did not receive the benefit of a Spanish education. Rizal's quote: if over my tomb, someday you would see me blow, a simple humble flower over amidst thick grasses, bring it up to your lips and kiss my soul so... Bibliography: The Filipino Heroes, Maria Odulio De Guzman, 1986 Rizal in Meiji Japan, Ahr Abubakak, 1982 Women in the Philippine Revolution, Rafaelita Hilario Soriano, 1995 The Philippine Revolution, Apolinario Main (Translated by: Leon Ma. Guerrero), 1969 Rizal's Contribution to Philippine History, Nicolas Zafra, 1988 International Congress on Rizal, Ricardo Pascual, 1980 History of the Filipino People, Teodoro A. Agoncilio, 1990
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