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Example research essay topic: York Random House Isolated From Society - 1,773 words

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... was all her own thoughts and emotions, giving them full reign, felling no obligation to please anybody unless their pleasure pleased her. Just like invisible man was not able to find true friends in the Brotherhood, Sula was not able to appeal to those around her. Sula returns to the Bottom for the purpose of discovering possession. Sula wants her independence from the community and the first thing she does is take Eva out of the community. Eva is an important player in the community, for Eva is someone to whom the people look up to.

Sula puts Eva in a home. After Eva is put into a home, Sula uses Nel to straighten things out for her. Sula needs help implementing her plan and Nel is the only one she trusts to help her. She had clung to Nel as the closest thing to both an other and a self, only to discover that she and Nel are not one and the same thing (Morrison, p. 119). Just as her mother had done with many men in the Bottom, Sula sleeps with many men when she returns, but wants no commitment. In the midst of Sula's return, Sula sleeps with Jude, Nels husband.

Nel catches them and her marriage is over. Because of living in such a close-knit community, the word gets out about Sula sleeping with Jude and everyone bands together against Sula. Everything that Sula had done since her return was now coming out among the community. Every happening in the community is now linked to Sula's evilness.

So they laid broomsticks across their doors at night and sprinkled salt on porch steps (Morrison, p. 113). When Teapot fell down Sula's steps, Sula is accused of trying to hurt him. Sula brings about change in people, and after Teapots accident, his mother becomes the most devoted mother: sober, clean and industrious. No more nickels for Teapot to go to Dicks for breakfast for Mr.

Goodbars and soda pop: no more long hours of him alone or wandering the roads which she was otherwise engaged (Morrison, p. 114). When Mr. Finley chokes on a chicken bone and dies after looking up and seeing Sula, Sula is accused of his death. Sula's behavior was a mystery to everyone in the community and it bothered them that they couldnt figure her out.

They could not figure out why she didnt look her age, how she could sleep with men and just discard them, and why Shadrack, who was always cussing, acted civil to Sula. Their conviction of Sula's evil changed them in accountable yet mysterious ways. Once the source of their personal misfortune was identified, they had to leave to protect and love one another. They began to cherish their husbands and wives, protect their children, repair their homes and in general band together against the devil in their midst (Morrison, p. 117 - 118). During Sula's illness, before her death, Nel is once again by her side. The whole town is against Sula and she is still as proud as she was when she returned to the Bottom.

When Nel asks Sula if she still expects the people in the town to love her after all she has done, Sula replies, Oh, theyll love me all right. It will take time, but theyll love me (Morrison, p. 145). When Sula dies, the people of the Bottom are filled with joy at the death of a witch they thought her to be. Soon after Sula's death, the people of the Bottom find that they have no one to blame for mishaps. The community returns to their old ways. Sula has in fact inspired a community of improve themselves without them even knowing what they were doing.

However, she never achieved compatibility with this very community. Another Country contradicts the age-old principle that the United States is a safe ground for all people. James Baldwin compares living the life of a homosexual in Paris to living the life of a homosexual in the United States. The views of the French are much more liberal than the conservative views of the Americans. The life that Eric, the homosexual character in Baldwin's novel, leads in Paris is socially acceptable.

Baldwin also depicts France as a haven for interracial relationships. However, Baldwin depicts how Eric does not achieve compatibility with the American society, because it is much more conservative than the French society. Eric believes that living an openly homosexual life in Paris is more satisfying, rewarding, comfortable and protected because his choice of life is widely accepted by the French society. In Paris, everyone feels comfortable. Everyone feels free to live his or her own life and not adhere to the rules that society establishes. Homosexuals have the liberty to walk down the street, sit in public parks and show affection towards their partner free of worry, without the fear of "alley cats." The people of Paris condone and support Eric's happiness, as seen in this passage: "I see that.

You seem much happier. There's a kind of light around you. She said this very directly, with a rueful, conspiratorial smile: as though she knew the cause of his happiness, and rejoiced for him" (Baldwin, 234). In contrast, New Yorkers have a entirely different attitude toward homosexuality. New York is confined by America's conservative views. The New York society functions on the principle that different is bad.

Anyone who strays from the norms of society is a threat. The people in New York vocalize their disdain for homosexuals and in some cases even threaten physical violence against those who are bold enough to come out of hiding. Eric describes the New York atmosphere to his partner using the metaphor "alleys and alley cats" to represent those who prey on the openly homosexual. He comments: "Getting you into America is going to be hassle enough, baby, let's not rock the boat.

Besides, New York is full of alley cats. And alleys" (Baldwin, p. 190). Just like Sula is mistreated by people from her community, Eric is mistreated by those around him. In addition, France proves to be a haven for interracial relationships as well. As seen in Another Country, the French society does not frown upon relationship between the races.

The characters of Another Country feel free to inter-relate with those of any race while in France. But the United State has an entirely opposite attitude about race relations. An act as innocent as a couple walking together in the park is frowned upon if the two people walking are not of the same race. When Rufus takes the liberty of walking with his white girlfriend in a New York park, he is aware of the expression and whisper of every observer. During the 1950 s, this is not acceptable. Through his comparison of the French and American societies, Baldwin reveals his own bias towards France.

Baldwin himself found acceptance in Paris and spent the majority of his adulthood there. The atmospheres about which Baldwin writes are real. He describes these atmospheres from his own personal experiences. Baldwin creates a dramatic contrast between France and the United States. In doing so, he portrays the American society as bitter conservatives in comparison to the open-minded French. Baldwin depicts France as a peaceful place from inter-racial relationships and homosexuals.

Another Country is possibly the only novel of its time in which every character suffers from a feeling of isolation. All the main characters share in the feeling of isolation. Whether the character's isolation is a result of race, economic situation, or even sexual orientation, each character's life is affected. The feeling of isolation causes the characters to lose touch with reality. This isolation is evident in the story of Rufus. Rufus is a young black jazz musician who grew up in Harlem, a young Black man fighting the system" to attain his dreams.

Later in the novel, Rufus reveals his inner turmoil. Rufus feels isolated from society. He knows, yet is unable to accept, the racial barrier between himself and his only close friend, Vivaldo. Vivaldo is a true friend, but despite their friendship, Rufus has a constant feeling of resentment toward Vivaldo.

Rufus is tormented by thoughts such as "No one dared look at Vivaldo, out with any girl whatever, the way they looked at me now; ... This is because Vivaldo was white" (Baldwin, p. 31). The situation reminds the one with the invisible man from a previous novel, he also was not able to find true, long lasting friends. The racial isolation is compounded when Rufus breaks all family ties in order to sustain his interracial relationship. Knowing his family's open disapproval of interracial relationships, Rufus decides to leave his family and live with his girlfriend, Leona.

Despite his deep love for Leona, her presence constantly reminds him of the barrier between them. She becomes, in his mind, a symbol of the society that oppressed him. She becomes a symbol of the things he could never obtain in life. As his life becomes consumed, he plunges into the depths of despair, committing horrendous crimes against his loved ones. Rufus refuses the help of his friends. He turns to life on the streets and eventually jumps off a bridge.

Before Rufus's death, Baldwin narrates: His own loneliness, magnified so many million times, made the night air colder. He remembered to what excess, into what traps and nightmares, his loneliness had driven him; and he wondered where such a violent emptiness might drive an entire city. (Baldwin, p. 60) Vivaldo, a close friend of Rufus, deals with his own form of isolation. A product of dysfunctional Brooklyn family, Vivaldo felt he was never loved; thus, he forces himself into loveless relationships. In these relationships he establishes a barrier between himself and his girlfriends.

Vivaldo seems to be searching for love in all the wrong places -- street corners and bars. Vivaldo goes from one bad relationship to another. Each time, he enters a new relationship with the emotional baggage of the last relationship. Eric is isolated from society because of his sexual orientation.

Eric feels neglected by his father and seeks comfort in the arms of a man. In turn, he is ostracized from his Alabama community. After leaving home, Eric spends the majority of his life searching for acceptance. He travels back and forth between the United States and Paris in search of acceptance.

Words Count: 3, 494. Bibliography Baldwin, J. Another Country. New York: Harper Collins, 1992. Ellison, R. The Invisible Man.

New York: Random House, 1987. Morison, T. Sula. New York: Random House, 1989.


Free research essays on topics related to: sexual orientation, york random house, morrison p, interracial relationships, isolated from society

Research essay sample on York Random House Isolated From Society

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