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The Influence Of Black Sub-Saharan African Civilization On Ancient Egypt, Greece, And Rome Recent research has shown that the ancestors of all humans evolved in the sub-Saharan Africa around 50, 000 to 170, 000 years ago. Small wonder then that black sub-Saharan culture should influence major ancient civilizations such as the Egyptian Greek, and Roman civilization. Although, ancient Egypt was separated from sub-Saharan Africa by the Sahara, there is evidence that black Africans from the sub-Saharan regions had inhabited the Nile valley much before the advent of the Caucasian Berbers and the Semites. Historical records, such as The Edfu Text, which is an inscription at the temple of Horus, state that it was King Horus from the south of Egypt, i. e. sub-Saharan Africa who initiated the process of civilization in Egypt.
Historians from ancient Greece mention in their chronicles the presence of soldiers in the Egyptian army who had kinky hair and black skins. They also noted the similarity in rituals, such as male circumcision, which was at that point in time practiced in only one more known culture the sub-Saharan Ethiopian culture. It is believed that the Egyptian god Bes is a cultural import from sub-Saharan Africa. The language of the ancient Egyptians had elements of black sub-Saharan African languages. The influence of sub-Saharan Africa over ancient Greece extends beyond cultural influences. Recent research has shown that the Greeks are genetically more closely related to the black sub-Saharan Africans than to the other Mediterranean races.
The mixing of gene pools is thought to have happened in the pharaonic age, during a migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Greece. The influence of black sub-Saharan African culture on ancient Greece was routed largely through ancient Egypt, where several ancient Greek scholars and historians studied. These included Homer, Pythagoras, Eudoxus, Democritus, and Plato. Greek vocabulary, too, is in parts derived from the sub-Saharan languages. The Greeks referred to the black sub-Saharan Africans as Ethiopians and the Ethiopians find repeated mention in Greek mythology. The greek romance Ethiopia was written in 3 rd century A.
D and is a tale of the travels of the hero, Theagenes to Nubia. Ancient Rome had strong trading links with sub-Saharan Africa that were routed through Egypt. Ancient Rome traded with the kingdom of Kush, which is often seen as the first civilization to develop out of sub-Saharan Africa. These lands also supplied ancient Rome with mercenaries and animals for the gladiatorial combats. Sculptures from ancient Rome, dating to before 200 B. C, depict men with Negroid features.
Thus, it can be said that sub-Saharan Africa did exert powerful cultural influences on Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Bibliography 16 Apr. 2005 < web > The Egyptians: Who Were They? 16 Apr. 2005 < web > Ancient Egypt: The mythology, 16 Apr. 2005 < web > Nubia, 16 Apr. 2005 < web > Septimius Severus And The African Presence In Early Rome, 16 Apr. 2005 < web > The Experiences Of Afro-Americans During W. W. I & W. W. II In The Military And at Home The Afro-American community served the country valorously during the W.
W I and W. W. II. They did this in the face of racial discrimination and segregation. 400, 000 Afro-Americans served in W. W.
I. The volunteers were often ill trained and poorly equipped. The Afro-Americans served primarily in the Services of Supply, as laborers. They did not get to participate in active combat.
However, there were exceptions to this. The 369 th infantry regiment saw continuous active combat for 191 days, which was for a longer period than any other American regiment. In fact, Sgt. Henry Johnson of the 369 th infantry regiment was the first American soldier to win the French War Cross.
At home, during the war and after it too, the Afro-Americans faced unrelenting discrimination that manifested itself in the form of racial segregation with respect to schooling, employment and social activities. The Afro-Americans who had served their country during the war did not get the recognition they deserved. They did not win a single Medal of Honor that from the 127 Medals that the U. S government awarded. However, there were some winds of change too, after their contribution to the war, Afro-Americans refused to put up with the ill treatment.
They had obtained a newfound confidence that has been attributed to their experiences in France, where they did not experience racial prejudice. This was also the period when the art, literature, and music of Harlem blossomed. Doris Miller was an Afro-American whose valorous conduct at Pearl Harbor marked the initiation of the involvement of the Afro-Americans in W. W. II. Miller was awarded the Navy Cross for bringing down six Japanese planes using a machine gun.
However, the attitudes towards Afro-Americans did not change, they were not allowed to participate fully in the combat units as well as on the battleships. Of the 11, 000 female nurses in the navy, only four were Afro-Americans. Executive Order 8802 issued by President Roosevelt, on June 25, 1941, led to the establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Commission, aimed at eliminating racial discrimination an ensuring greater participation of the Afro-Americans in the armed forces. However, the discrimination did not disappear easily.
The navy, for instance, permitted Afro-American women to enlist in the Navy Nurse Corps, only after January 25, 1945. At home, the Afro-American community supported the war effort by planting victory gardens and purchasing war bonds to financially support the government. During this period, African-Americans were permitted for the first time to work in mainstream industries. Of the several ships that were built as emergency wartime additions to the nations navy, 18 were named after Afro-Americans.
In conclusion, it can be said that in comparison with W. W. I, the working conditions as well as the social environment of the Afro-Americans saw some changes for the better, in the period during and after W. W. II.
Bibliography 16 Apr. 2005 < web > A Chronology Of African American Military Service, 16 Apr. 2005 < web > Medal of Honor - African American World War l Recipient, 16 Apr. 2005 < web > Neverdo n-Morton, Cynthia. African Americans and World II: a pictorial essay. Negro History Bulletin 16 Apr. 2005 < web >
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Research essay sample on W W Ii Research Has Shown
