Example research essay topic: Decision Making Process Due To The Fact - 1,521 words

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Policy Sub governments in the United States Political System United States is a democratic country with the deep-set democratic beliefs in the freedom and prosperity of their land. The political system of the Unites States of America is a very complex system of interacting branches of management, which enable this country to be one of the most significant countries in the world, with not only united geographical states, but united ideas and united system of politics. The US political system can be divided into the following branches: the legislative branch, the judicious branch and the executive branch. The legislative branch of the USA is the Government, or the Congress, which acts as the representative of all the states; also this branch answers for the passing of all the laws in the country.

The next branch is the executive one, this branch is in charge of executing the laws. This branch is presented in the political system by President, Vice-President and the Cabinet. The last branch is the judicious one; this branch is the reinforcement of the laws in the country and is presented by courts, with the most important one being the Supreme Court. One of the elements, which are present in the political system of the United States, is such an element that is called the sub governments. This term arose in 1990 and it was used to classify small groups of politicians and lobbyists who dominate decisions in certain areas. (1) The concept of sub governments arose early in the history of the United States in the form of very rigid conceptual groups known as the iron triangles or sub governments (these groups were present during the time of presidential terms of Cater, Freeman and Griffith). The forms of these sub governments evolved with the course of time into such forms as the issue networks and advocacy coalitions. (2) Every aspect of the human history has gone through a long process of evolution, just as the aspect of politics the sub governments, but on all the levels of evolution this term had one thing in common, the fact that without these political structures many laws would not be put into power, and many ideas would not exist, thus not being able to create the public policy as a whole.

In general the process of decision making the government of the United States is magnificently complex and difficult. The fact that this process is not a simple one is denoted by such factors as the size of the US government, the number of participants governmental and non-governmental (3), the fact that in the decision making process many levels of government take part, and the sheer fact that the issues that the government has to regard is very complex, another element that multiplies the whole idea of complexity is the fact that all of the above stated factors are in tense interaction with one another. From all the above said we can see how at times the decision making process can be complicated even further. In the process of the decision making, as it had been noted numerous times before, the element of sub governments is very widely used. As we have already noted that sub governments, are small groups, which have different areas of specialization. In some points the existence of this element makes the decision making process is made to be more complex, while at the same time making it much easier to the other extent.

They are also most prevalent and influential in the least visible policy areas. Sub governments do not dominate all policy making, but the gradations in their importance require serious attention. (2) The idea of sub government is very important because it has an impact in the many areas of the American public policy making. Due to the fact of existence of the sub governments different non governmental participants take part in the setting of the policy and the content of the political programs. It is also true that the element of sub governments does not exist in all the political areas, with fluctuations through the course of time in the one field that they are dominant. In the process of studying this political element we have to keep in mind the very fact that although sub governments are very important and they are spread quite widely, but you also have to mind the fact that they do not exist and are not dominant in all the spheres of the policy creation and implementation processes of the United States.

In this paper we have numerously presented the definition of the term sub government, now we will denote the characteristics of the typical government. An ordinary sub government consists of members of the House of Representatives and the Senate, members of congressional staffs, bureaucrats, and representatives of private groups and organizations interested in the policy area. Usually the members of Congress and staff members are from the committees or subcommittees that have principal or perhaps exclusive jurisdiction over the policy area dominated by the sub government. The congressional members of the sub government are also usually the most senior members of a relevant subcommittee. The bureaucrats in a sub government are likely to be the chief of a bureau with jurisdiction paralleling that of the congressional subcommittee and a few of his or her top assistants. The nongovernmental members of a sub government are most likely to be a few lobbyists for interest groups with the heaviest stakes in the nature of governmental policy in the area. (1) The main areas in which the sub governments are engaged are the matters which are concerned with routine policy (2).

The significant trait of this type of policy is that is a matter of great controversy. The core of this type of policy has a very slow and gradual change over time, the people who have the biggest interest in the implementation of this policy know it quite well, and also have quite a range of powers which give them additional efficiency in the very fact of implementation and different minor changes in the legislative base, in order for a certain policy act to be passed. Due to the fact that was noted above that sub government are engaged in the routine policies, they can function for a lengthy period of time. A very important trait of the sub governments is the fact that the members of the sub governments reach agreements about the implementation of the policy is more effective. Although when disagreements start and new members enter the policy lobbying process, the chances of basic policy realignments increase because there are a greater number of interests to satisfy, and such realignments might not be perceived to be in the best interests of the members of the sub government.

Thus, there is strong incentive for them to reach compromises and avoid broadening the number of participants. (3) The sub governments are allowed to function and promote their interests as long as their course of action does not wander to far off of the course that they have proclaimed keeping in mind their administrative policy. The President and other officials do not take any actions against the sub governments as long as they keep up the terms stated above, but if they do otherwise there are certain actions which the President can take. These actions can be the following, but are not limited to, different budget limitations, vigorous legislative oversight of program activity, and restraints on agency communications (2). All these actions can only come into play if the government feels that the interpersonal interests are dominating over the policy of that is being lobbied. The last, but not least, aspect of the activities of the sub governments is that if different outsiders can enter the sub governments, thus bringing new ideas and personal interests into actions, thus enlarging the sphere of competence of the sub government, because new aspects will be brought into action. As an example we can regard the following: both the increased concern for the environment and the energy crisis have intruded into the world of the various sub governments dealing with oil, coal, and natural gas.

Now these sub governments must handle major regulatory issues as well as the familiar issues of subsidy. (3) The fact that the sub governments are organizations which are non-governmental organizations, that is why the intercourse of the governmental and non-governmental organizations is very tense that is why the rules of the play cannot always be regarded and followed. The most important idea is that sub governments are very important in the nation wide range of policy making. These organizations play a vital role in the policy making, due to the fact that they take care of very lengthy processes. These institutes play a vital role in the policy making process. Literature used Definition of Sub governments web Ellison Brian, The advocacy coalition framework and implementation of the Endangered Species Act: a case study in Western water politics. [retrieved from web Franklin Grace, Ripley Randal. Congress, the Bureaucracy and Public Policy.

Dorsey Press, 1987. [retrieved from web

Research essay sample on Decision Making Process Due To The Fact