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Example research essay topic: Ethics Of Personal Law - 1,009 words

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Ethics of Personal Law The central conflict of Antigone is focused between Antigone and Creon. This conflict is formally the conflict between the state law represented by Creon and a gods law or being more precise the personal law or human law of Antigone. Antigone recognizes the divine law only and she neglects the state law of Creon. To avoid verbosity in the future analysis the term divine or gods law will be associated with the personal law of Antigone. The conflict of Antigone is a question of the interaction of individual with the power. According to Thomas Hobbes a man makes a contractual agreement of obedience with the sovereign that is a collective power body, i.

e. government. This Sovereign is to protect the individuals rights granted by nature, i. e.

the right for survival 1. According to Hobbes the Sovereign is just the body that consolidates the society. So the ethics of Antigone is that the sovereign represented by Creon is violating her personal law or law of gods which contradict to the laws of Creon, i. e. the law of Sovereign.

Antigone disagrees with the order of Creon who forbade burying her brother according to the riots. But as for Polyneices, who perished so miserably... Hes to have no funeral or lament, but to be left unburied and unwept... 2 There are two polar positions regarding the respect of the personal law, two extremes of Creon and Antigone, but there is also one middle position of the Antigone sister Immune. Both parties, Creon and Antigone are very confident in their rightfulness.

Antigone is confident that Creon is breaking the laws of God and Creon protecting the law of state is sure that the law of state must be obeyed to steadily. Both parties are right and this is one of the main features of the Greek tragedies. The conflicts between the state and personal, moral and legal reflect the searches of the ancient Greeks in the sphere of legislation and morality. Creon and Antigone are moving to their fall and the reason of their failures is the same in nature, i. e. their denial to even try to study the opponents view.

This is maybe the most important in the tragedy. The laws are the search for a compromise but not the blind following the rules. Both parties could have found a solution but they failed to do it just because of their unwillingness to consider the opponents view point. The conflict between Creon and Antigone may be judged as the conflict between the autocratic power and the human law.

Creon is confident in his truth: my law, my right 3. Creon and Antigone represent two different manifestations of failure. The state law and the personal or divine law dont conflict with each other if they are properly balanced 4. The denouement of the play is tragic for both parties.

Both conflicting personages are severely punished for their misdeeds, or it is better to say for their wrong law interpretation. This is the formal side of the conflict. The main reason of their failures as it was stated above is their inability to find the compromise. Before her death Antigone recognizes that it is the consequence of her blind confidence into her personal (divine) law and inability to accept different view point. Creon is also punished by the destiny.

His blind formal state law advocating leads to destroying his entire family and to his personal humiliation. The most important lesson of the tragedy is not in the interpretation of the law (either personal or conventional) but in the necessity to find the compromise between two polar ideologies, problem which is of great importance nowadays. One of the brilliant ancient Greek educator, thinker and philosopher Socrates studied the problems of ethics. The innovative views of Socrates put him into opposition to the popular tyranny that found its manifestation in the trial of the thinker when he was accused in corrupting youth, denying the national gods, and introducing new ones in their stead 5.

The innovation of Socrates was that he turned the philosophy into everyday life, into the level of conversation. Socrates could be defined as a civil disobedient of the Greek society. According to Socrates the law should not be obeyed to blindly just because it is law. He opposes the law by stating that the law is not moral enough and his mission is to pay his debt to Athens by giving the best he possessed, the morality which was opposed to the law. In his speeches Socrates as well as Antigone put the gods law higher than the Athens. Antigone developed her own attitude towards the Creon's law empirically, Socrates contradicted to the law of Sovereign realizing it.

The Greek society was the first model of democracy and the theory of Hobbes was applicable to the Greek society in the full scope. Socrates opposes himself to the power of the Athens because he considers that he has the right to sieve the laws, i. e. judge which of them are just and which are not.

In his ethics Socrates kept to a theory that the reason of all troubles is the ignorance. Thus if an individual is unhappy that means he does not know how to attain the happiness. So knowledge of the good is the synonym with virtue 7. Thus the conclusion from the Socrates study may be done that the evil is the ultimate degree of ignorance. It is very difficult to accept such point of view. The history of mankind, the modern history shows that the violence is difficult to be explained just by somebody's ignorance.

Bibliography L EV I AT H A N by Thomas Hobbes, available at web Sophocles, Antigone, available at web Brett Faulds, Divine Law and Human Law in Antigone, available at web The Philosophy of Socrates, available at web Plato. The Apology of Socrates, available at web Citation. Thomas Hobbes Antigone, 10 Antigone, 193, 215 Brett Faulds The Philosophy of Socrates Plato The Philosophy of Socrates


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Research essay sample on Ethics Of Personal Law

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