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Example research essay topic: The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - 1,034 words

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The Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the biggest and most famous world museums containing the art collections of all the times and peoples. The rise and decline of Byzantium is one of the most important world history periods characterized by the formation of the Christianity and its expansion from Byzantium all over the world. The history of Byzantium is characterized by the crusades, first religious wars. The opposition of Islam to Christianity goes back to the history of crusades and Byzantium. All these historical processes found their reflection in the art of Byzantium period. Iconography as the art movement was one the main subsection of Byzantium art.

It reflected both religious and ideological bases of the Byzantium Empire as well as main theological adherence of that period. The formal opposition to the Ottoman Empire was mainly on the religious basis. This explains the theological meaning of the fine arts of Byzantium. Constantinople, the biggest city of Byzantium became the centre of the Orthodox religion. The history of Byzantium itself is the history of formation of the Orthodox religion on one hand and the history of counteraction to Muslim religion practiced in the Ottoman Empire. Iconography as it was stated above was one of the main directions of the Byzantium fine art.

In the arts, Italian and other European sources were most interested in Byzantine works that could be considered connected to the earliest history of the Church. Depictions of the Virgin and Child were especially prized for their presumed association with the images of the Holy Family believed to have been painted from life by Saint Luke. One image associated with the legend was Constantinople's icon of the Virgin Hodegetria, which represents an early iconographic tradition. " 1 The Virgin Hodegetria was considered to be one of the miracles and was honored by the Orthodox Church. The icons were created according to the accepted traditions and compositions. The church authorities made efforts to unify the church during the late Byzantium period.

Byzantium was dominated by the Latin Christianity. For two centuries, various attempts were made to reconcile the breach, but the Latin domination of Byzantium and certain theological issues rendered these aspirations ineffective. In 1274, Michael VIII Palaiologos and Pope Gregory X held the Council of Lyon to discuss a formal union. Michael's representatives swore obedience to the Roman church and its faith. 2 There was some kind of agreements between two churches.

These attempts to find a compromise brought some influence to the Byzantium iconography. The Byzantium and the West artists influenced each other and that was reflected in their works. Thus the icon of Christ Bearing the Cross by Nicolas Tzafouris reflects the processes of the interaction of both iconographic traditions and mutual exchange of ideas and views. For example, the artist signs his name in Latin but writes the title of the scene in Greek.

The rock formations are typically Byzantine, while the iconography of the scene is distinctly Italian. 3 It is worth to note that though the compromise between two churches was unstable it caused the exchange of the iconographic traditions. The Crusades left their trace in the art of Byzantium and there are a lot of masterpieces dedicated to Crusades in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Knight background of Crusades found its reflection in the pieces of art dedicated to the Holy Wars. The keystone from vaulted ceiling in the form of cross from the Castle of Monfort reflects the monumental art of that period 4. The forty year reign of Emperor Justinian I (52765) was marked by the extensive territorial expansion and military success for the Byzantine state.

The art of that period is characterized by monumentality reflecting the victorious raise of Byzantium. Justinian fulfilled a number of building campaigns constructing and restoring the temples. The rebuilding of Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople from 532 to 537 was the paramount achievement of Justinian's building campaigns. As the most important church during the empire's long history, Hagia Sophia set a standard in monumental building and domed architecture that would have a lasting effect on the history of Byzantine architecture. In addition to the cathedral of Hagia Sophia, Justinian patronized over thirty churches in the capital of Constantinople and both ecclesiastical and secular building throughout the empire's territories, even as far as Mount Sinai in Egypt. During his reign, silk production was introduced from China, an art form for which Byzantium would soon become famous throughout the medieval world 5.

The exposition of Justinian period is mainly introduced by mosaic, jewelry, sculpture etc. Such masterpieces of Justinian period as Flask with Adoration of the Magi, Two Panel of an Ivory Diptych Announcing the Consulship of Justinian, Fragment of Floor Mosaic with a Personification of Kiss are presented at the Metropolitan Museum of Art 6. Another historic period presented at the Metropolitan Museum of Art is a period classified as Late Antiquity. The late ancient period was characterized distinguishing the so-called world religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The masterpieces of the Late Antique period are represented in the Egyptian section of the museum. Jewelry from the Middle and New Kingdoms, models of daily life from the Tomb of Meketra at Thebes and sculpture depicting Queen Hatshepsut are shown beside important archaeological holdings.

The Temple of Denver, commanding a vast hangar-like space off the Met's north wing is breath taking. Here, a complete temple removed from Egypt before it was submerged by the Aswan Dam project, has been reassembled in all its glory 7. Citation Carter B. Horsley, Annie Labatt Ibid Available at web retrieved 2. 11. 2005 The Age of Justinian, available at web, retrieved 2. 11. 2005 Available at web Bibliography Carter B. Horsley, Byzantium Faith and Power (1261 - 1557), The Metropolitan Museum of Art, March 23 to July 4, 2004, "Bright-Sadness", available at web retrieved 02. 11. 2005 Wikipedia, Abstract expressionism, available at web retrieved 02. 11. 2005 Annie Labatt, The Religious Relationships between Byzantium and the West, available at web retrieved 02. 11. 2005 The Age of Justinian, available at web retrieved 2. 11. 2005 Metropolitan Museum of Art, available at web retrieved 2. 11. 2005


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Research essay sample on The Metropolitan Museum Of Art

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