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Example research essay topic: Tiananmen Square Hunger Strike - 2,090 words

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... was 94. 8 percent whereas the market price was 6. 4 percent. Compare t the 10. 1 percent in plan price in 1993 where the market price was 88. 3 percent f the uncut value. It is very clear that by the early 1990 s, the plan price has dropped dramatically t the market price (Bo). The plan has phased ut many gds. These statistics have pre the importance f demand expansion due t the rapid economic growth that takes place inside f the market price.

In re t maximize the gain with pain in the Chinese economic reforms during the 1980 s, three essential elements f Chinese economic reforms have been developed. They are including (1) The pen dr Policy, (2) Market isatin, and (3) The contact responsibility system. Chinas capitalism and bm was brn when their president, Deng Xiaping permitted the prices t dismantle their cmmunist and collective farms. This led China t venture int free-market ecnmic's, although they were still under the cmmunist political system. When President Deng announced that they needed Western my and expertise, China flung their trade drs wide pen and China went n a capitalist drive with ever line back.

The pen dr element that created by Deng is the pending f the Chinese economy t international trade and foreign investment. This policy has been extremely successful. Chinese international trade has been increased dramatically since after 1979. The Peple's Republic f China is nw the wrld's fourth largest trading nation (Prybyla). It is als the largest recipient f foreign direct investment and developing countries. With the introduction f the pen-dr policy which is print t be very beneficial, they flower in the footsteps f their strong rich neighbors.

He invited different countries in the world t d business in China. He peter the drs t the world, willingly, fr the first time in Chinas history. The Contact Responsibility System is a system f arranging the devolution f economic decision power. Whether different level f leaders should have the right t make certain economic decisions. Deng had decided which leaders in the country would have the right t make different kind f decisions according t their positions.

Though many scholars have seen the economic policy f Den Xiaping as ne f the mst successful in the worldwide history, there still were sme people wh viewed it as completely totalitarian and lacking basic democratic approaches. Xiaping has provided himself the background fr the 1989 student press n Tiananmen Square. Discontent with the tenets and ideas f the Cmmunist Party, and increasing pennies t Western ideas, finally date youth and workers alike t the streets f Beijing t demonstrate fr democracy. n May 13, 1989, several students began a hunger strike at Tiananmen Square in the after and format talks with the government began a day later but they quickly be do.

And the demands f the students and workers were mre democracy, less corruption, and accurate press coverage. The people wanted free. They wanted democracy. They wanted t know why Hu Yabang, wh was general secretary in China until he ver stepped his bund's and was free t retire, was dismissed in January 1987 (Burns). They were angry that students wh wanted t know why he was dismissed were arrested. They demanded guarantees f human rights, mainly free f speech, free f the press, and free f assembly.

The students said that a less corrupt government was necessary and that the civil war between mainland China and Taiwan must end and be n mre than friendly competition. Revision f the constitution t remove everything that supported dictatorship by relying n the basis f class struggle was als a necessity. They als said that their leaders needed t be held accountable fr their actins. The leaders f the Chinese Cmmunist Party were less than happy at the thought f these changes because they eliminated mst f their power and made them mre vulnerable. All these facts were reasons fr the Massacre f Tiananmen Square, in which, according t Chinas Red Cross, tw thousand six hundred people were killed, and 7, 000 were wanted (Burns). Tiananmen Square was a place f press in April, May, and June f 1989.

Students frm Beijing University, as well as many ther schl's, were betting against the government. Several days later, after n conclusion in the peaceful negotiation has been reached, the government prepared t declare martial law. When this news was leaked t the students, they called ff the hunger strike and declared a mass sit-in. n May 20 the government declared martial law in Beijing, but the army's advance towards the city was backed by large numbers f students and citizens. During this time, there was continual disagreement between the grup leaders f the demonstration. As night fell, 40, 000 soldiers f the 27 th Peple's Liberation Army me int Chinas Capital with riders t crush six weeks f demonstrations and prtest's by the cuntry's citizens, and end their demands fr political change (Zilberstein).

In this time Tiananmen Square had become the fcu's fr a rising working class movement. At ne command, soldiers fired ne rund at the protesters, wh fell t the grund. As sn as the soldiers speed firing, ther people rushed t rescue the wanted. Armed vehicles ran ver roadblocks, and kicked ver cars and buses.

The protesters had nly bricks. What they gt in return was bullets. People ran fr their lives, as soldiers ran after them firing. Even when residents ran int weeds, r shrubberies, the soldiers would find them and kill them.

Large tanks crushed eleven students, and many ther students were sht and killed. The students in the square displayed heroism, standing up even in death. Although sme students began writing wills, they never expected t die. n June 3, 1989, trp's received riders t reclaim Tiananmen Square at all cst's.

Much f what happened that night is unknown. What is known is that soldiers peter fire that night n people trying t back the army's advance as well as the wh were simply showing at the trp's. And 1: 00 a. m. n June 4, the trp's surrounded the square, waiting fr further riders (Zilberstein). After negotiating with the army, the hunger strikers agree t leave the square.

By dawn, several thousand students, teachers and supporters left the square at gunpoint. Due t a lack f witnesses, the exact number f people killed in this s-called Tiananmen Square Massacre is nt known. However, the people were warned t stay away frm Tiananmen Square. Specifically, n June 3 rd, at 10: 00 P. M. , the loudspeakers at Tiananmen Square cautioned the students t stay at hme (Zilberstein). The government had nly ne china t stp the press at Tiananmen Square: by free.

They tried t negotiate, but that didn't wrk. They enforced martial law, but that was a jan t the people. What did happen was the needless killing f numerous people n the way t the square, combined with the active imaginations f the numerous reporters n the scene. Ten years after the by end t the Tiananmen Square prtest's; the Chinese government has refused t acknowledge any winding. In the days before the ten-year anniversary, China speed CNN frm broadcasting int Beijing and arrested several dissidents. The protesters, fight a very lng, hard, and death defying battle but in return gained very little, if nothing.

All the innocent people were slaughtered and tortured fr n read at all. There was n purpose in the lng run fr all the blushed that tk place in the Tiananmen Square Massacre. However, the Tiananmen Square press was nt meaningless. With the flw f time the policy f Chinese government has changed, and I think that Tiananmen movement has played ne f the main rle's in it. ne year past, the first stock markets were established in China. College and University graduates are n longer trapped in a particular area.

They can wrk wherever they wish t. Though the governmental crimes f 1989 were removed frm the frm the Criminal Law when it was revised in 1997 but the cases f the serving sentences fr center-revolutionary fences have nt been reviewed. Gvernment's, nn-governmental rganizatins and the European Unit have called fr these cases t be reviewed in the light f the revised legislation. Thusand's remain imprisoned after unfair trials and many f the wh have served their sentences fr their involvement in the 1989 prtest's have their mvement's closely monitored and their freedm's restricted. Since the massacre in 1989, the Fourth f June every year has become a fcu's fr the whse lives have been affected by the crackdown against the 1989 pr-democracy movement (Zilberstein). Cmmemratins continue and the world including Has King.

The underlying message remains the same and is repeated year after year. Within China, price stifle attempts by activists t commemorate the anniversaries and activists such as Mia Xi arrested last year after staging a ne-man press n Tiananmen Square was nce again detained by price in early March this year. The authorities themselves recognize that 1999 is a particularly sensitive year fr China with many planned anniversaries. In February the free mayr f Beijing urged vigilance against political enemies during the upcoming sensitive period which includes the crackdown against the 1989 pr-democracy movement. Tiananmen Square has been case t the public this year until July. Families f the killed r injured mark the anniversary by urging the authorities t account fr the deaths f family members and t grant compensation.

The individual movement fr the acknowledgement f the Tiananmen Square massacre is growing in the world that. Wang Dan, a free printer f cn science and a student leader during the 1989 prtest's is nw exiled in the United States f America having been sentenced twice since 1989 fr calling fr democratic reforms. n 15 January 1999, Wang Dan initiated a Global Petition Campaign supported by a number f nn-governmental human rights rganizatins. The refusal f the government t instigate any frm f inquiry int the 1989 massacre ges against the Gvernment's apparent willingness t improve its human rights record through dialogue with gvernment's and the recent signing f tw key human rights conventions. The 10 th anniversary f the 1989 pr-democracy prtest's would be an casino fr the government t demonstrate t its citizens and t the world that it is sincere in working towards an improvement in human rights and decide t instigate an pen inquiry int the events surrounding the Fourth June and for compensation t its victims (Burns). In the conclusion I would like t state my pint n the economic reforms in China and their global consequences (including Tiananmen massacre).

I believe that Dan Xiaping was ne f the greatest leaders f all times. His intents t make China a strong and prosperous super-state has been fulfilled t its full extend. As fr me, the understanding f the importance f the breakthrough China has experienced within the past 20 years will cme nly with time. I hpe that next generations will view the policy f Xiaping as ne f the best things that happened in the history f their country. And I must stress that Tiananmen press has been an important less fr the Chinese people. It allowed the citizens and government t understand that nly mutual cperatin can lead the country t the great results.

Bibliography: Singer, Dorothy J. China's Transition from Socialism: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980 - 1990. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1993. Xu, Zhiming.

The Impact of Chinas Reform and Development on the Outside World. Economic Reform in China: Problems and Prospects. Ed. James A. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 247 - 253.

Prybyla, Jan (Pa State Univ), Systemic Analysis of Prospects for China's Economy (p. 209 - 225). Ristaino, Marcia R. (LC), Impact of Mao's Legacy on China's Reforms (p. 321 - 334). Similar, Terry (Harvard Univ), Chinas Agricultural Policy During the Reform Period (p. 340 - 364). Bo, Zhiyue.

Chinese provincial leaders: economic performance and political mobility since 1949. Studies on Contemporary China. Armonk, N. Y. : M.

E. Sharpe, 2002. Burns, Justin P. Political participation in China.

Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. Jinghan Chen, Jean. The impact of China's economic reform upon land, property and construction. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1999.

Vermeer, Eduard B. Economic development in China since 1930. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Zilberstein, Oscar.

Peoples movements in China. Historical Outlook. Munich: Hoofer, 2002.


Free research essays on topics related to: hunger strike, economic reforms, martial law, tiananmen square, democracy movement

Research essay sample on Tiananmen Square Hunger Strike

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