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Animal Rights Revolution 1. Explain the nature of the animal rights movement, its goals, the problem, and the strategy with biographical information about key actors and analysis of the leadership structure. Herbert W. Simons (2009), a professor of Strategic and Organizational Communication at Temple University and author of Persuasion in Society (Simons, 2001), received the National Communication Associations Distinguished Scholar Award for his interests in reconstructive rhetoric of inquiry and his critical analysis of post- 9 / 11 political rhetoric. He is not Herbert A. Simons, Nobel peace prize in economics.
Herbert W. Simons (2001), based on his book, Persuasion in Society, would characterize the nature of the animal rights social movement by the guiding idea (Simons, 2001) that animals should be afforded consideration as living beings. The animal rights movement is a politically oriented, issue oriented campaign (Simons, 2001, p. 212). Advocates with different philosophical positions and modes of action (Simons, 2001) agree morally that animals have rights.
The animal rights movement differs from the notion (Simons, 2001) that all stages of the movement are planned during the initial planning and plans are modified when new information becomes available. President Abraham Lincoln appointed Henry Bergh (1813 - 1888), the son of a prominent shipbuilder, to a diplomatic post in the Russian court of Czar Alexander II in 1863. To Bergh, protecting animals was a matter of conscience with no perplexing side issues, a moral question in all aspects, which involved some of Manhattan's most powerful business and government leaders. In 1866 diplomat Henry Bergh, who was known to President Lincoln and the federal government created a "Declaration of the Rights of Animals, " and used it to persuade (Simons, 2001) the legislature of the state of New York to pass anti-cruelty to animals legislation.
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) was the first humane society established in North America and one of the largest in the world. Founded by Henry Bergh in 1866 by a special act of the New York State legislature, the ASPCA is headquartered in New York City and recognized as a national animal welfare organization (About, 2009). The ASPCA, the first core organization (Simons, 2001) in the animal rights movement, was the first humane organization granted legal authority to investigate and make arrests for crimes against animals, dedicated to fulfilling the ASPCA mission through nonviolent approaches. The multifaceted goals (Simons, 2001) of the ASPCA include maintaining an Animal Poison Control Center, an Animal Behavior Center, and Bergh Memorial Animal Hospital with a dedicated staff of veterinarians. The goals and objectives (Simons, 2001) of the ASPCA are measurable. The ASPCA offers pet loss support services and mobile spay and neuter clinics.
For at risk animals, the ASPCA is disaster ready, to work with state agencies to create plans for animals in times of emergency. The ASPCA attempts to end unnecessary euthanasia of pets and operates an 8, 000 -square-foot state-of-the-art adoption facility. The ASPCA has an equine fund for horses. Bergh's strategy was to prevent cruelty to animals through a legal venue.
His eloquence in presenting animal cruelty issues persuaded (Simon, 2001) the New York State legislature to enact animal protection laws and radically change the enforcement of the laws. The animal rights platform is respected (Simons, 2001) socially acceptable with few opponents. The leaders (Simons, 2001) of the animal rights social movement have all been highly educated, well traveled, articulate, and thoroughly researched the issues they presented for social change. 2. Evaluate the strategy of the animal rights movement. Identify the strengths and weaknesses in the three dynamics of the movement (Simons, 2001), explain the primary messages deployed, the structure of the movement, and the plan or organization. Henry Bergh was highly successful using the legal venue to permanently change animal laws and establish a core organization (Simons, 2001) of the animal rights movement.
The ASPCA (About, 2009) uses the newest technology in its Humane Law Enforcement Department, which upholds New York Citys animal cruelty laws and works with forensics experts to investigate and prosecute crimes against animals. The ASPCA educates police officers, investigators, veterinarians, prosecutors, and judges and assists in cruelty case investigations. ASPCA animal advocates fight tirelessly on state and national levels to pass laws that protect animals. Henry Spira, Merchant Marine, as told by Peter Singer (1999) in his book, Ethics Into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement and to ABC radio broadcasting in Australia in 1999, took on the corporate cosmetics giant, Revlon, over their issue of live animal testing, and won (Singer, 1999). Henry Spira requested information through the Freedom of Information Act about tests performed on 2, 650 individual rabbits.
He sent his detailed research to Revlon's Chief Executive, Michel Bergerac, expecting reform (Simons, 2001) and explained that it was economically desirable and highly efficient to develop non-animal tests of product safety. He attempted to use rhetoric to change chemical tests performed on rabbits. An advertising executive took his horrific information and published it in the New York Times, intensifying, playing up the negatives, How many rabbits does Revlon blind for beauty's sake? Chemicals poured right into the eye (Singer, 1999). Revlon had to test on animals to get their products approved by the FDA. Revlon put $ 3 / 4 -million into alternatives over a three-year period, and Henry went to Avon.
It took eight years, but the research and development of the persuasive campaign (Simons, 2001) satisfied the US Government regulatory agencies, and cosmetics are no longer tested on animals. Thorough scientific research (Simons, 2001), painstaking documentation of claims, and ability to persuade (Simons, 2001) the corporate giant to try alternative methods of testing gave Spira credibility (Simons, 2001). With the Revlon success behind him and his real tested credibility (Singer, 1999), there was a real threat of negative publicity (Simons, 2001) and proven success (Simons, 2001) with the new methods of testing cosmetics. Peter Singer wrote an article called 'Animal Liberation' in 1973. Animal Liberation is an animal rights charity founded in 1976 by Christine Townsend based on the philosophies of Professor Peter Singer, as set out in his worldwide best-selling book Animal Liberation (Singer, 1999). Animal Liberation believes slaves, women, and other minorities have been able to challenge views of what their rights should be, therefore, society should change its views of animals.
Animal Liberation relies on educational campaigns, public events, and using the media to get the message across (Singer, 1999). Peter Albert Singer (1946 -), Bioethics professor at Princeton University and at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), University of Melbourne is best known for his book Animal Liberation (Singer, 2009). In Animal Liberation, Singer argues all beings capable of suffering are worthy of equal consideration. Lesser consideration to beings based on having wings or fur is not justified. Singer called Western-style meat production cruel and unnecessary to meet our demand for food. His role in the animal liberation movement attracted a degree of controversy (Singer, 2009).
The Animals Rights Movements of the 1960 s, like all reformist movements (Simons, 2001), sought enactment of specific laws and better enforcement of animal protection laws. The revolutionary animal rights movement sought to replace guiding ideologies (Simons, 2001) of institutions that used animals in research or in manufacturing and the killing of animals for their fur. Confrontational tactics met with scorn and disapproval (Simons, 2001). The animal rights movement has its share of highly controversial or confrontational tactics or strategies (Simons, 2001). Animal liberation does brush fire relief with the police, Rotary, and the Lions Club to get donated food and animal care products to stricken animals. Animal Liberation has a free cruelty hotline, and all calls are investigated.
Unfortunately, the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is also a dangerous terrorist group. ALF activists surrounded a farm that bred cats for medical experiments, brought ruin on the farmer, assaulted his wife, and terrorized his family. Oxford professor Colin Blakemore experiments on cats to find a cure for blindness in children. Threats, abuse, and violence from the ALF follow Blakemore wherever he goes. Weaknesses in the dynamics of the movement are the unintended undesired effects. Singers lecture at the Zoological Institute of the University of Zurich was interrupted by two groups of protesters chanting "Singer rau's!
Singer rau's!" The protesters jumped on stage and grabbed his glasses. The host ended the lecture. Dissenters join in deliberate violations of the institutions written and unwritten code of conduct and spark flames of protest. Authorities discipline and sanction and publicize in news broadcasts. Respect may be won in the conflict.
An anti-hunting activist group in 1971, the Band of Mercy, attacked hunters' vehicles, slashed tires, broke windows, and called this activism "active compassion. " In November 1973, their first arson fire destroyed a Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory. After twelve months in jail, the remaining Band of Mercy activists started the Animal Liberation Front currently active in 38 countries, operating a leaderless resistance, with covert cells passing animals from ALF cells to sympathetic veterinarians to safe houses or sanctuaries. The decentralized model of activism (Simons, 2001) intensely frustrates law enforcement. The U. S. Department of Homeland Security takes ALF seriously with a list of domestic terrorist threats, bombed buildings, and risked lives.
ALF says, "Thinkers prepare revolutions. Bandits carry them out. The English Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, two hundred years old, pressures the government to abolish fox hunting and raising animals for their pelts. Celebrity after celebrity cast off her furs.
Emotions cloud the animal issue. England has countless animal-rights groups. Champions of calves rights intimidated truck drivers and blockaded ports. American philosopher Tom Regan (born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1938) received his Ph. D. in 1966 from the University of Virginia and specializes in animal rights theory (Regan, 2009).
Professor emeritus of philosophy at North Carolina State University from 1967 until retirement in 2001, Regan argues that animals bear moral rights, have inherent value, and have the right to be treated with respect (Regan, 2009). He states animals have sense-perceptions, beliefs, desires, motives, and memory. He published Empty Cages: Facing the Challenge of Animal Rights in 2004; The Case for Animal Rights in 1983, 1985, and 2004; Animal Sacrifices: Religious Perspectives on the Use of Animals in Science in 1986; and Defending Animal Rights in 2001 (Regen, 2009). Organizations preserve and protect specific animal species, such as Beak and Wings (2009) and Big Cat Rescue of Tampa, have the support of the government and the local businesses. Jaguar of Tampa rescues big cats bearing their name (Big Cat Rescue, 2009). The sympathetic and polarized organizations (Simons, 2001) within states preserve and protect the rights of and are knowledgeable about the needs of specific animals, and they share the interests and values of the leaders of the animal rights movement (Simons, 2001).
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Research essay sample on Animal Rights Movement Animal Liberation
