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Example research essay topic: United States Involvement In The Vietnam Part 2 - 1,857 words

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... these assumptions is able to withstand the weight of the international relations theory. However, lets shift the discussion to the international relations theory within the context of the U. S. and their participation in Vietnam War. The distinguishing feature of the point at issue is that the given situation couldnt be called stable.

There were countries get involved into the conflict. These countries represented two different forms of social organization. The United States developed plans for the pacification of the Viet Minh and dissident areas ('Lansdale Team's Report on Covert Saigon Mission in ' 54 and ' 55 ' n. d. ). But lets again revert to the reasons why the United States get involved in the Vietnam conflict. According to numerous historical and literary sources, the United States aggression in Vietnam and hostility started by the U.

S. government in Vietnam in 1964 - 65 by throwing into battle the U. S. troops into the Southern Vietnam territories was aimed to suppress national liberation movement in South Vietnam, to prejudice the success of communism and socialism in North Vietnam, and to retain South Vietnam territories in the capacity of the military strategic base in the South-Eastern Asia.

Vietnam War is historically considered the darkest armed conflict, posing a threat to the world peace. Some countries claim tha the U. S. participation in the war is an outrage of the law of nations and international compacts, along with the violation of United Nations Charter. According to these sources, the U.

S. intervention in Vietnam's home policy springs from 1945 - 54 s. After the attainment of peace (in accordance with the Genevese agreements of 1954), the United States started to develop the plans for intrusion into the South-Eastern Asian countries, which they are not. In fact, the United States adhered to the principle of domino (so-called Domino Theory). In addition to it, the individual leaders theory also should be taken into account as it implies several factors that may have impact on the war decision, such as declining relative power, bad faith image of the adversary, a conviction that war is inevitable, the perception that there is a brief window of opportunity in which to act, a situation that appears to favor a first strike, and black-and-white thinking (Renshon 2006). According to these theories (especially taking into account the theory of psychological motivation and leaders theory), the collapse of the pro-American regime in one of the third world countries will inevitably cause the collapse of the regime in the neighbouring countries (Mingst & Snyder 2004).

The author of the definition is Joseph Allsop. Eisenhower made Domino Theory the doctrine applicable to the the South-Eastern Asian countries. The U. S.

government considered that in case the Communists will going a victory in Indochina, their victory will lead to similar results in Thailand, Birth, and Indonesia. Moreover, the Communist victory will create a direct threat to Australia and New Zealand. In addition, it will force Japan to cooperate with the communist countries, because in this case Japan will be deprived of the markets, raw materials, and prods. So, after the Genovese agreements of 1954 Vietnam was divided into two parts: South and North.

French troops were lead out of the country. Ngo Din Diem was placed at the head of Vietnam. Eisenhower granted him the U. S. support, and the quantity of the U. S.

military advisers reached one and a half thousand people. Ngo Din Diem managed to establish control over the country but partisan warfare and partisan actions supported by the Northern Vietnam undermined Diem's efforts and forced the U. S. government to seek for the ways to harden their attitude and strengthen their positions in Vietnam.

Kennedy also considered Vietnam merely the only bastion of freedom and democracy in the region; however, at the same time he claimed that liberalization of the regime wil be panacea from communist threat. This strategy was based on assumption that the individual is a Democrat by nature, and, when the individual becomes free, he inevitably chooses freedom. However, Vietnam was the exception to the rule. Kennedys administration adhered to liberal reforms, and offered Diem to receive a powerful backing from the U. S. In other case, the U.

S. government threatened him to be deprived of support at all. Simultaneously, the U. S. government increased the number of the military advisers in Vietnam and was taking seriously the idea to dispatch the U.

S. army to Vietnam. After all, the United States found out that they were get involved in Vietnam conflict to a greater degree they ever wanted to get involved in. Ngo Din Diem was unable to follow recommendations of the U. S. advisers, partially, due to the fact that the adherence to the principles of American democracy would inevitably lead to political suicide.

In November 1960, a few days later after Kennedys victory in the presidential elections, there was a military coup d'etat. Fortunately, it failed. At the same time, this unsuccessful attempt along with the events occurred in May 1963 flared up tensions in Vietnam-American relations. The group of South Vietnamese generals developed plans concerning new military coup d'etat.

All these issues forced the U. S. retain control over the conflict and to stop the red menace, thus forcing the United States getting involved in the Vietnam War in support to realism international relations theory. The Realism and Individual Leaders theories imply the achievement of the world order by fostering peace among the states and world countries by different means, including pursuing human rights violators and creating the world order able to regulate conflicts and prevent wars. To a certain degree, these theories imply the assumption that when the countries fail to cooperate, they have to solve conflicts either through military actions, or through specific economic sanctions. Therefore, as far as before attacking Vietnam by the United States, the governments claims that Vietnam posed a threat to the rest of the world could be interpreted as claims that Vietnam is a state that has to be curbed rather than an outright danger to the world security.

By doing this, the reasons why the United States got involved in the Vietnam War could be explained by the attempt to curb a bad state under the realism international relations and individual leaders theories. Conclusion It may also be said that the activation of the U. S. policy may be explained by the fact that the U.

S. government was afraid to lose the initiative in the third world countries. Logically, the U. S. wanted to take the lead in order not to allow the Communist triumph in Vietnam after the defeat of the French colonizers. However, the U.

S. made a mistake when they tried to appoint the leader able to save the country from the read threat. Ngo Din Diem enjoyed no support from the local population and this attempt failed. After the U.

S. politics managed to create pro-American regime in the southern part of the country, they excluded the Vietnam issue from vitally important issues. The responsibility was laid on the counselors and bureaucrats, who didnt consider necessary to exert the pressure on the established regime with the aim to intensify the economic development of Vietnam. The decision of the U.

S, government to establish an efficient control over Vietnam may be considered a spontaneous response occurred during the course of the cold war, instead of being a result of a well-shaped geopolitical course in relation to the third world countries (Gaddis Winter 1992 / 93). Logically, one of the mistakes made by the U. S. government was the lack of attention to the internal situation in the South Vietnam. Pro-American regime met no support from the side of the urban and rural population. Neither Eisenhower and Kennedy, nor the U.

S. representatives in Vietnam were able to convince Vietnamese authorities to stop repressions and to ease social and political tension in the country. One can claim about the continuity of policy and the course of the U. S. administration in 1954 - 1964. Both the Republican Eisenhower, and Democrats Kennedy and Johnson pursued a similar policy in relation to Vietnam.

Yet, every new President faced more and more complicated situation. In case during Eisenhower's administration there was a slightest resemblance of peace, Kennedy had to face the civil war, and Johnson met the country, where the government hardly could control the situation. However, all three administrations made efforts to put the axe on the helve in a similar manner. Both the Republicans and Democrats consistently increased the U.

S. military contingent in order to retain control over the conflict. In conclusion, it may be said that although it is difficult to provide the satisfactory explanation to the fact why the United States got involved in the Vietnam War, the possible causes may be explained using the theories of Realism, and Individual Leaders theories. The Realism and Individual Leaders theories rest upon the assumption that when the states are unable to come to the agreement they need to solve conflicts in order to foster peace. Therefore, the conflicts may be solved either through military actions, or through specific economic sanctions. The U.

S. government claimed that Vietnam posed a red Communist threat to the rest of the world and, logically, it should be curbed rather than an outright danger to the world security. The Realism and Individual Leaders theories may give a satisfactory explanation to the reasons why the United States got involved in the Vietnam War. At the same time, it may also be partially explained by the realism international relations theory, as it implies that national interests and power dominate over the moral considerations (similar to the U.

S. and the reasons why the United States got involved in the Vietnam War). Bibliography Franke, Mark F. N. Global Limits: Immanuel Kant, International Relations, and Critique of World Politics (Suny Series in Global Politics).

State University of New York Press, 2001. Gaddis, John Lewis. "International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War. " International Security 17 (Winter 1992 / 93): 5 - 58. Hermann, Margaret G. and Hagan, Joe D. "International Decision Making: Leadership Matters, Foreign Policy. " Foreign Policy 110 (Spring 1998): 124 - 37. Jervis, Robert. "Realism in the Study of World Politics. " In Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, by Peter J.

Katzenstein, 331 - 351. Mass. : Cambridge, 1999. Mearsheimer, John J. "A Realist Reply. " International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 82. Mingst, Karen and Snyder, Jack. Essential Readings in World Politics. W.

W. Norton & Company, 2004. Morgenthau, Hans Joachim. Politics Among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace.

New York: Knopf, 1985. Renshon, Jonathan. Why Leaders Choose War. Praeger Security International General Interest-Cloth, 2006. "The CIA: A Forgotten History; All other actions: The Pentagon Papers, Document No. 15: 'Lansdale Team's Report on Covert Saigon Mission in ' 54 and ' 55 '. " 53 - 66.

Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley, 1979. Wendt, Alexander. "Constructing International Politics. " International Security 20, no. 1 (1995): 71 - 81.


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Research essay sample on United States Involvement In The Vietnam Part 2

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