Example research essay topic: Ethnic Minorities Criminal Justice - 1,071 words

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POLICE, MINORITIES, AND THE FRENCH REPUBLICAN IDEAL: A CRITICAL REVIEW 2007 Police, Minorities, and the French Republican Ideal: A Critical Review INTRODUCTION The strained relationship between French police agencies and ethnic minorities is one which has incredible importance and significance, and at the same time is one which is not known about well enough. The ethnic diversification of police forces is considered as being simply one of many different aspects which have to do with the encompassing struggle against discrimination which is taking place all over the world, but in this area in particular. The article Police, Minorities, and the French Republican Ideal, by Renee Zauberman and Rene Levy is one which discusses all of this information in more detail, and thus, in order to learn more about such issues as those previously mentioned, a reading and analyzing of this article in particular would be necessary. The aim of this review is not only to get a better grasp on the article itself and the authors points of view, but as well to learn more about the issue of the relationship between the French police and the ethic minority groups. By properly and thoroughly addressing the article in question, we will be able to do this, as well as learn more about any and all other key related facts and issues as well. This is what will be dissertate d in the following.

POLICE, MINORITIES, AND THE FRENCH REPUBLICAN IDEAL The article Police, Minorities, and the French Republican Ideal by Renee Zauberman and Rene Levy is one which discusses various different issues, several in particular. When reviewing this article, we can see by the title alone what the main issue is that is going to be discussed within the article, which is the matter of police and minorities and the French republic ideal, as the title bluntly states the subject, rather than merely implying it. As well, the title is brief enough to keep it simple, and yet not so brief that it is not understandable as to what the general point is which is going to be made within the context of the article. When it comes to the main idea of the article, it has already basically been stated, however when we begin into the first couple of paragraphs of the article, it becomes more implied. The main idea is not expressed at the very beginning of the article, as instead we are filled in with background information, such as the fact that the difficult situation of minorities, immigrants, and foreigners with respect to the criminal justice system is not unique to France, and much academic research and political thought has been devoted to this issue in other countries (Zauberman & Levy, 2003: 1066).

Throughout the article, there are many facts that are used to base up this statement, for instance we see that As an example, in 1990, the CNIL (Commission Nationale de l Informatique et des Liberties), an independent authority monitoring the automatic processing of personal data, authorized the creation of a police database on terrorism that included sensitive personal data, such as ethnic or racial origins. As the governmental decrees were published, loud protests were voiced, not only on the side of the usual civil rights advocates (Zauberman & Levy, 2003: 1067). We are given much information throughout this entire article, and once the main idea has been expressed, the authors tell of how they seek to provide a nuanced analysis of contradictions inherent to Frances current policy on racial / ethnic categorization (Zauberman & Levy, 2006: 1068). They go on to discuss the analysis in four particular sections, and The first provides an historical overview of immigration to France, highlighting the changing composition and economic context of recent waves of immigrants The second section discusses the problem of tension between the police and ethnic minorities, a problem exacerbated by the lack of targeted data or policies focusing on the ethnic dimension of policing the third section focuses on the obstacles to ethnic recruitment andthe fourth section of this article is to attempt to show how French institutions deal with the issue of ethnicity (Zauberman & Levy, 2006: 1068).

The authors use various statistics and studies in order to prove their points, and the structure that is used throughout the article is chronological and logical. As well, we are told in detail about all of the key related issues in regards to the subject matter, such as for instance the matters of police and urban violence, racism and the police, and as well the issue of whether or not the police should be diversified, which is one of the most significant issues of all that is discussed in this article; we see that in the authors opinions, although the actual effectiveness of this approach has been debated, there are positive results which have come from it. However, they also state that As shown by the Australian example, it is difficult to set the limits of desirable diversity. The criteria of gender, skin color, origin, and possibly sexual orientation are generally adopted because they are, to varying extents, focal points for conflicts between the police and the population.

Alone the same lines, political or religious affiliations might also be considered. The risk, ultimately, is one of being faced with an uncomfortable alternative, between reducing individuals arbitrarily to one of their characteristics or seeking complete proportionate representation to the point of absurdity (Zauberman & Levy, 2006: 1078). CONCLUSION From this review, we can conclude several different things in particular, namely that there are many issues within the French police agencies which are problematic and which need to be solved, particularly in regards to that of the subject of ethnic minorities, and we have also seen the onset of several different initiatives which are going to be put more into full swing in the future. We have seen from examining and reviewing this article that there is much statistical and empirical evidence which can back up the matter that is discussed here, and thus we have been able to gain an incredibly more knowledgeable and understanding viewpoint on the subject matter of police, minorities, and the French republican ideal. Bibliography Turner, P (1997). Nationality, Crime, and Criminal Justice in France.

Crime and Justice, 21, pp. 523 - 551. Zauberman, R. , & Levy, R (2006). Police, Minorities, and the French Republic Ideal. Criminology, 41 (4), pp. 1065 - 1100.

Research essay sample on Ethnic Minorities Criminal Justice