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Example research essay topic: Pope John Paul Ii U S Government - 1,770 words

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I. The conflict between the East and the West. II. The Second Gulf War. 1.

Terrorism is the problem of the century: a. Christianity and Islam world; b. the beginning of the War on Terror. 2. Causes of the Iraq War: a. proponents and opponents points of view; b. Iraq's disarmament; c.

when diplomacy has railed. 3. After-effects of the war: a. an attempt to establish a democratic state; b. the real aim of the war; c. great losses; d. opposition to the war across the world.

III. The end of the war: a. Bush's answer to antiwar protests; b. fundamental and mechanical reasons.

Thomas Jefferson once said, "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be... The People cannot be safe without information. When the press is free, and every man is able to read, all is safe. " These words are the best acknowledgement that if Americans did not know the real information about the Iraq War the country would have the unfortunate state of affairs. Before the war a lot of Americans were unable to answer even the main questions about this war. There were a lot of confusion about the war. The questions were open as to the international support to topple Saddam and the reaction of UN.

If Iraq's WMD program truly possessed the threat level that President Bush has repeatedly purported, why is there no international coalition to militarily disarm Saddam? The answer on the questions appeared simple and shocking - it an an oil CURRENCY war. The work examines the fundamental and mechanical reasons of the War and its after-effects. Iraq war The Iraq War is known as the Second Gulf War. It was started on March 18, 2003 when the United States invaded Iraq. The coalition was established that included the USA, Britain and later France.

The main tasks of the coalition were to overthrow Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and to establish a new governmental regime. But the attempt to do it led to the long and bloody conflict between the East and the West. But is the contradiction the only cause of the war? Frankly speaking, the causes and consequences of the war are so controversial that it is hardly possible to name the major one. It is necessary to study events that preceded the war. We are people of the 21 st century live in the world of great opportunities.

But at the same time we have to fight with the problems of the century. The worst one is terror. Nowadays there is hardly a nation that hasnt clashed with it. Various nations have provided several campaigns against terrorism; but modern war on terrorism is waged primarily by the United States, with support of its allies and NATO.

But who are terrorists? Mainly they were from Muslims world. Christianity and Islam are considered to be the most wide spread religions. They differ greatly.

The main controversy is in the idea they proclaim. Christianity emphasizes the way to God lies through suffering and patience; while Muslims think that it is necessary to fight and defend your faith. It is a common point of view that believers seldom make a compromise. The difference in the main aspects of the religions often causes military conflicts between Muslims and Christians.

The United States started the war immediately after the attacks on New York City and Washington, D. C. on September 11, 2001. The actions were carried out by Islamist group al-Qaeda. The main goal of the campaign is to stop international terrorism. Most of the groups that were pointed by the US and its allies as "terrorist" are Islamist groups (al-Qaeda, Hezbollah and Hamas); thats why many consider that the war is more ideologically or religiously motivated.

Sometimes the War on Terror is called as a "Clash of Civilizations." Six years later, after the war started, on April 10, 2006, President Bush said: .".. today's war on terror is like the Cold War. It is an ideological struggle with an enemy that despises freedom and pursues totalitarian aims (Washington Post, 2006). And America is going to win the war on terror by all means. It goes without saying, that all causes are mental inventions imposed on the past.

As a rule scientists pointed evident and hidden causes of events. The proponents of the war emphasize that the main reason for beginning military actions in 2003 was the war against terror. The opponents are sure that it happened because of America's hegemony in 2004. The hidden reason was the solitude of its self-understanding, the tragedy of its geographically enforced isolation. Thats why it was pointed that Iraq troubles the way America has lived for a long time. They say that if there is a party that is guilty, there will be a reason for actions against it.

May be, the same scenario we have. After the events on September 11, 2001 the USA paid attention on Iraq and the issue of Iraq's disarmament became the main reason of conflict between the United States and Iraq. A crisis was reached in 2002 - 2003. U. S. President George W.

Bush and the U. S. government insisted on a complete end to alleged Iraqi production and use of weapons of mass destruction. The problem was discussed by many nations all over the world and as a result the United Nations Organization made Resolutions. According to the Resolutions, UN should send inspectors who would have access to the areas where weapons production facilities might be.

The inspectors confirmed that such facilities were not found. The U. S. government was not satisfied with the results and in March, 2003, it was announced that "diplomacy has failed." It was decided to make a coalition of allied countries. It was called "coalition of the willing." Its aim was to protect the world from Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction. A majority of Congress supported Iraq's disarmament.

Most of all, the Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq was passed on the 11 October 2002. The Bush Administration used the Joint Resolution as the legal basis and United States Armed Forces started military actions against Iraq. Later, the Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, said about the invasion, "I have indicated it was not in conformity with the UN charter. From our point of view, from the charter point of view, it was illegal. " (BBC News, 2004) The invasion of Iraq was given a codename "Operation Iraqi Freedom.

But has it brought a real freedom to the people? After the fall of the Hussein regime the United Nations and the coalition nations tried to establish a stable democratic state. But it was not uneasy task. Basic services of the country were destroyed. After months of bombing, corruption, and decaying infrastructure of major cities had been found at much-reduced levels. Though the new regime had been established by July 2, 2003, President Bush proclaimed that American troops would remain in Iraq.

The question remained without the answer: What was the real aim of the actions? If the reason of the war was the conflict between Muslims and non-Muslims there would not be the end of it. The war would only cause great losses from the both sides. If the reason was hidden in the desire to change the Hussein regime it was done. But has the new one brought better life to the Iraq's people?

If the military actions were against terrorists would it be the right way? Pope John Paul II, speaking to television broadcaster Telepace, stated, "When war, as in these days in Iraq, threatens the fate of humanity, it is ever more urgent to proclaim, with a strong and decisive voice, that only peace is the road to follow to construct a more just and united society. Violence and arms can never resolve the problems of man. " March 22, 2003 (Zwick, 2003) Speaking about the Iraq War, it should be said about the figures. The total amount of Coalition wounded, injured, diseased persons were about 32, 544 U. S. , 893 UK etc. : 41, 198 persons; total deaths were about 654, 965. (Times Online, 2006) August, 2005, been an especially deadly month for US troops. The number of those who have died since the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, increased on nearly 1, 900.

The figures are known and they are horrible. What about causes? Do people know them for sure? If they did may be there would not be so significant opposition to the war across the world. Opponents claimed that the invasion would have bad after-effects and would cause the deaths of thousands of Coalition soldiers and Iraqi soldiers and civilians. The war disturbed peace and stability throughout the Middle East.

Most of all, there were a lot of opponents who stated that foreign governments had no moral right to intervene in another sovereign nation's internal affairs, especially without the resolution of the UN. It goes without saying, that it was a violation of international law. Having examined the results of the war, it is evident that it led to the accumulation of weapons instead of disarmament. In 2005, the Bush administration had to answer growing antiwar protests.

The fresh reason was given for US troops to continue fighting in Iraq. It was said that US troops protected the country's vast oil fields. It was emphasized that there is a risk that oil fields would fall under the control of terrorist extremists. Bush declared, ''We will not rest until victory is America's and our freedom is secure" from Al Qaeda and its forces in Iraq led by Abu Musab al Zarqawi. (Love, 2005) Nowadays the war is greatly discussed in mass media. Some newspapers such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and Vanity Fair pointed the fact that before 9 / 11 Bush knew about the plan for regime change and re-building Iraq. It had nothing to do with Bush's war on terrorism.

So, one of the fundamental reasons was Oil and the mechanical one was Bush's desire to prove himself and best his father. Bibliography: Iraq war illegal, says Annan. BBC News, 16 September, 2004. Jennifer, Love. Bush gives new reason for Iraq war. Associated Press, August 31, 2005.

web Mark and Louise, Zwick. Pope John Paul II calls War a Defeat for Humanity: Neoconservative Iraq Just War Theories Rejected. Houston Catholic Worker, Vol. XXIII, No. 4, July-August, 2003. Toll of British wounded in Iraq war reaches 800. Times Online, 18 January, 2006.


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