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Example research essay topic: Social Security System Ethnic Minorities - 1,658 words

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... discussed in this work are usually called structural opportunities. In relation to this theory there are several different models of behavior, which Vietnamese Americans exercise for the creation of their small businesses, and which actually make them start such business. One of the models is the Middleman minority model.

This model states that the business of White Americans use the Vietnamese Americans and their small business as the intermediary between their whi 8 te business and the ethnic minorities customers; this allows gaining high profits and avoiding direct contact with the black and other minority clients. The Ethnic enclave model argues, that it's in the Asian immigrant owner's best interests to open their businesses within their own ethnic community or enclave because the well-developed enclaves (i. e. , San Jose) tend to produce much more profits. Also, working in the ethnic enclaves shield owners and workers from racial hostility and discrimination that they would normally face in the mainstream labor market. (Le, 2003) Finally, and on the basis of the economic openings; model, the ethnic minorities, and Vietnamese Americans in particular, appear to be the force, which provides the inner cities, unprofitable and undesirable by big white businesses, with the necessary services and products, making this business profitable for both the owner and the customers. These businesses mostly deal with the widely-spread kinds of activities, which are secured from failure and give the customers the most necessary services and products (groceries, personal services, etc. ) Characteristics of the Vietnamese American small businesses The Vietnamese newcomers face with serious problems, as lack of language knowledge, lack of finances and often the problems with the immigration legislation. Thus, self-employment appears to be the best way for the Vietnamese Americans to survive.

According to the official researches, the bigger portion of Vietnamese Americans makes their small business among Vietnamese Americans as well. This choice allows the Vietnamese Americans to save their cultural traditions, their family values and to perform their businesses with people they know and can trust. The Vietnamese American small businesses are mostly family funded and family managed. (Hien Duc Do, 1999) 10. 9 percent of the Vietnamese Americans at the age of 21 are stated to own their small business. The main areas occupied by the Vietnamese American small businesses are retail and services. Because Vietnamese-American businesses are generally located within ethnic enclaves, it is probable that most cater solely to a Vietnamese-American market. (Simonson, 2001) Thus, it appears that the negative attitude, with which Vietnamese face when contacting other ethnic minorities, make them conduct their small business within their minorities, though it does not mean that this puts any limits on the development of their businesses. There are the new features, which vietnamese americans try to implement into the development of their small businesses, and which should be mentioned in this work.

First of all, the needs of expanding their businesses make them understand the necessity of applying the principles of franchising. Vietnamese americans at present see franchising as one of the means of acquiring additional profits, thus franchising is becoming popular means of performing business in this ethnic minority. Despite encouragement to adopt more American business practices, expansion is sometimes stalled by Vietnamese cultural influences. The enormously successful, family-run fast food restaurants, Lee's Sandwiches, have recently begun franchising their success. (Hume, 1995) It is also essential to see, how the development of the small businesses in the vietnamese american minorities influence the relations of the Vietnamese americans and other ethnic minorities.

Many Vietnamese americans at present have understood that without close cooperation with the representatives of other ethnic groups it would be impossible for them to perform their business. Thus, they not only learn the cultural traditions of the other ethnic groups, but also use this knowledge for expanding their business. It is difficult to argue, that it is the competition, which makes Vietnamese americans seek for the new means of conducting their small businesses, but the fact remains Vietnamese americans seek for the expansion of their businesses outside their local communities and thus have to face with the need of finding common mutually beneficial means of cooperation with the other ethnic enclaves. Simultaneously, this need for the expansion made the small entrepreneurs look for the means of uniting their efforts and creating the solid basis for the cooperation and solution of the urgent issues. It is still doubtful, whether the mentality of the vietnamese americans will allow them grow into any common business organization, as 64 percent of them believe they dont need any collective assistance and participation; but the tendency towards the creation of such organizations is obvious. (Hien Duc Do, 1999) The impact of the Vietnamese immigrants on the development of the US economy and the balance of profits and disadvantages the vietnamese entrepreneurs experience There are many various beliefs, which make people think that immigrants, and vietnamese americans in particular, bring only negative aspects into the economic and social life of the US society. One of the most serious convictions is that immigrants take the jobs, which are initially meant for the native workers.

In this relation the meaning of self-employment appears to be beneficial not only for thr ethnic minority, but also for the native american population the jobs are not take away, as well as the members of the ethnic minorities themselves acquire opportunities for supporting their needs and creating opportunities for their own development. Moreover, immigrants are able of generating more jobs Many case studies show that immigrants have revitalized old dying industries such as shoe manufacturing, the garment manufacturing, and agriculture. These industries were failing because they were inefficient and could not complete globally. Immigrants who work for low wages have helped to turn many of these industries around.

These revitalized industries then create new positions for managers, professionals, and other workers. (Le, 2003) The false belief that Vietnamese immigrants have become the instrument of abusing the national welfare system is denied by the official statistics only 2. 8 % of the newly arrived Vietnamese immigrants receive state assistance; (Le, 2003) on the contrary, taking into account, that the biggest portion of the Vietnamese immigrants are young, it is possible to assume that the social security system would not be damaged by their presence in the country. It is even more interesting to state, that as the average age of the immigrant workers is much lower than that of the US-born workers, with the account of the fact, that the average age of the US population is increasing, it is very probable that the very immigrant force will become the means of providing the US economy with the stable product and thus provide the satisfaction of the basic needs of the american society. Yes, it is yet not under any argument, that Vietnamese americans mostly deal with very small businesses, but they in fact constitute the most considerable portion of the total US business system, and the level of the satisfaction of the small personal needs of the US population remains at the high level. The issue of how much benefits and how many drawbacks the immigrants (and Vietnamese americans in particular) acquire through their coming to the US and opening small business, is very controversial. The study estimated the overall contributions of immigrants to be around $ 10 billion per year. However, considering that the whole U.

S. economy is valued in trillions of dollars, $ 10 billion really isn't that much, but it's still a good chunk of change. At the same time, the study also noted that benefits differed at local, state, and federal levels. As most of the taxes paid by immigrants are collected at the federal level, local and state levels reap less benefit from immigrants and can even experience negative fiscal impacts, especially since they are immediate points of providing most of the social and medical services to immigrants. (Hien Duc Do, 1999) This controversy, with the addition of the cultural and language aspects, will probably last for the next decades without any change, but stating that immigrants and their minority businesses bring only negative consequences to the life of the US society is absolutely wrong. Conclusion The aim of the work was to consider the reasons, the consequences and the different aspects of the minority business (the example taken was that of the Vietnamese american community). The main conclusion may be formed as follows: the vietnamese american community is characterised by the high level of the small business conduct for the reasons of cultural, ethnic and economic-social needs of the members of vietnamese community.

The newcomers appear to face serious problems with their employment due to the language, cultural and ethnic barriers; thus the starting and the development of the small business appear to be the best choice for them. On the other hand, it is impossible to state that the existence of the wide network of the small businesses conducted by the ethnic minorities in the US is absolutely negative; it is important to understand that these businesses not only satisfy the basic needs of the local communities in such ethnic centers as San Jose, but also release the social security system of the US from the need to provide the members of these minorities with financial assistance. Thus, the small business in ethnic minorities appears to be not only the means of their survival in the new country, but the instrument for expressing their culture, strivings, needs and opportunities. Works cited Hien Duc Do. The Vietnamese Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999 Hume, E. "Indochinese refugees adopt quickly in U.

S. using survival skills: some early arrivals make it in entrepreneurial jobs; values that spell success; work, school, thrift, family. " The Wall Street Journal (1995): 24 - 31 Le, C. "Asian Small Business. " Asian Nation: The Landscape of Asian America, 2003 Simonson, S. The color of commerce. Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal (2001): 112 - 116


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Research essay sample on Social Security System Ethnic Minorities

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