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Example research essay topic: Small Businesses San Jose - 1,643 words

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Minority businesses The aim of this work is to discuss the role of the minority business in the US on the example of the Vietnamese American community. The main argument is whether the Vietnamese American business contributes much into the overall economic welfare of the US, and why do Vietnamese Americans mostly concentrate on their self-employment. Introduction The issue of minority business is relevant in the light of the growing immigrations volumes into the US. What we witness at present, is that ethnic groups create whole communities, and despite the widely- spread opinion that immigrants play absolutely negative role in the general economy of the country, it appears, that as any issue, this one has both negative and positive sides, which are to be discussed here. In order to make the topic thoroughly researched, the following aspects of the subject will be discussed: first of all, it is necessary to look at the history of the Vietnamese immigration into the US and the way the newcomers were adopting themselves to the life in the new social, economic and other conditions.

It is also important to discuss the possible theories, of why Vietnamese deal with small business and mostly ground their economic welfare on self-employment. We will then come down to the discussion of the impact these small businesses make on the economy of the country, as well as will closer look at the questions of benefits and losses which immigration and the participation in the small business brings for the Vietnamese in the US. All these aspects are equally important in this work for the better understanding of the implications in relation to the Vietnamese small business, as well as the attitudes which exist in the society at present and help us to make the reasonable conclusion connected with the subject of the paper. Though the Vietnamese are not the biggest minority among other Asian ethnic communities in the US, they represent a bright example of small business conduct within their small society. The history of the Vietnamese immigration and the adjustment of the newcomers to the American way of life The Vietnamese appear to be one of the biggest groups of the foreign refugees ever coming to the US.

Most of them have arrived to the United States without any considerable resources, and had to start their lives from the very beginning. However, it is clearly seen at present, that some of the Vietnamese representatives try to make their voices heard through the contradictory attitudes of the Native Americans and other ethnic minorities to the situation, in which Vietnamese immigrants have occupied a strong position in their economic and social conduct. It was states in the year 2000 that the total number of Vietnamese in the US was equal to 1. 2 million, one third of whom lived and live at present, in California. They also have a strong presence in neighborhoods from Houston to Alexandria, Va. San Jose, population 900, 000, has the biggest concentration of Vietnamese of any American city: Nearly one in 10 residents has roots in the southeast Asian nation that has been in turmoil since the 1950 s, when a communist government seized power. (Hien Duc Do, 1999) Speaking about the Vietnamese community it is difficult not to say about the great role, which this ethnic minority has played in the development of Santa Clara county thus, it becomes evident that Vietnamese Americans were direct enough in making the prosperity of this county possible the number of business owned by Vietnamese in this region exceeds 5, 000. (Le, 2003) San Jose mercury News appears to be the only one mass newspaper in the country, which is published in Vietnamese language. The businesses, owned by Vietnamese Americans in this country are not only related to the restaurants and manicures these are dentists, real estate developers, etc.

Looking at the history of the Vietnamese immigration, it becomes clear, that out of the three main waves of immigration into the US, the bigger part of immigrants was able to adjust to the new to them conditions of living not only were they able to make themselves successful entrepreneurs, but to make the economy of the country benefit from these successes. Though the wave of immigration started already in 1965, the 1975 has become the turning point in the number of those, who wanted to come for permanent residence into the US. However, the picture of the Vietnamese small businesses in the United States is far from being perfect, as it may seem at first glance. The bigger portion of those who are the members of the Vietnamese society tend to be distant from the opportunities to educate themselves, and thus their level of professionalism is not too high to go far than small business their abilities are limited by the narrow branch they work in without any wish for improvement and development. "We have a small subgroup among Vietnamese refugees who are in the professional class -- I don't want to minimize that -- but mostly Vietnamese tend to be less well educated and less fluent in English. (Simonson, 2001) While San Jose seems to be the center of Vietnamese prosperity, 40 miles north one will face the Vietnamese Americans living behind the level of poverty in its turn, poverty becomes the main cause of the high criminality level.

Among all Asian minorities, Vietnamese display the highest level of incarceration. Thus, the situation with the Vietnamese immigration is fr from perfect, though topic is mostly related to the business, which Vietnamese American conduct in the US, it was important to have a general look at how this minority lives in the country. The main theories of why Vietnamese Americans tend to self-employ themselves, rather than seek employment in the side organizations The growth of the Vietnamese economies inside their ethnic communities is closely tied to the growth of their small businesses. Starting from 1965, when the first wave of Vietnamese immigration started, the level of small business ownership by Vietnamese Americans has drastically increased.

So, what are the theories, which may explain the reasons for such situation? Why are Vietnamese Americans known for their entrepreneurship activities? First of all, out of all other Asian American communities, the Vietnamese appear to be the most active in their entrepreneurship abilities application, and the most likely to own their own small businesses. (Simonson, 2001) It is also interesting to see, that according to the recent researches, the foreign-raised Vietnamese are more able to open and perform their own small business in the US, in distinction from the US-raised Vietnamese. The explanations for this may lie in the fact, that US-raised Vietnamese are more ale to find their employment in the organizations for better education and the English-language knowledge. So, what are the theories, which attempt to ground the reasons of Asians having small business and performing these businesses successfully?

The first and probably, the most interesting theory, is labor market discrimination. The basis of this theory is in the assumption, that as any immigrant coming to the US, Vietnamese try to find their regular employment, but fail for the following reasons: The knowledge of the English language is scarce for the bigger portion of the Vietnamese immigrants, this is why being newcomers, and they face the difficulty of communication and have to apply serious efforts to find any good employment. The problems with the educational level for the newcomers makes them seek the opportunities for opening their small business they either lack the necessary knowledge and education for this or that job application, or the level of education they have acquired in Vietnam is not recognized by the US employers. The US employers may display the certain rate of discrimination towards Vietnamese because of their race and ethnicity. (Hume, 1995) These three important reasons have become the major ones for the present situation among Vietnamese small business. They mostly own restaurants, provide various service, and have even created the National Alliance of the Vietnamese Service businesses. (Le, 2003) The second theory is directly connected with the cultural traits of the Vietnamese population in the US. The explanation this theory gives is simple: Vietnamese go into the small business due to their cultural traditions, among which hard work, little material reward and the constant material and moral contributions into the next generations become prevailing.

They also rely on using family, relatives, or other immigrants in their ethnic group as unpaid or cheap labor. They also sometime set up an informal savings and loan arrangement with friends or relatives to get start-up capital. Finally, common ethnicity helps them develop a network of loyal customers within their own ethnic group. (Hien Duc Do, 1999) Thus, the second theory states that the main reasons of why Vietnamese appear to be successful in performing small business is that this success is developed by the Vietnamese culture; this may partially be true, paying attention to the number of small businesses, owned by Vietnamese Americans. One more theory of interest is related to the idea that class resources are the basis for the Vietnamese Americans dealing mainly with the small business and self-employment in general. This theory appears to be contradictory in the light of the already mentioned factors the theory speaks about Vietnamese Americans and Asians as a whole, as those who have received special education to perform small business; according to this theory, Vietnamese people have at their disposal sufficient financial resources to start and develop their business. However, it is known, that the newly coming Vietnamese can hardly possess enough finances to start their own business; though it is possible to assume that close cultural links with other Vietnamese Americans would assist them in starting their business, but this assumption is to be subjected to close examination. (Hume, 1995) The fourth and the last theory to be...


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