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Hildegard E. Peplau Hildegard E. Peplau, a renowned figure to the nursing profession, is recognized as the "mother of psychiatric nursing, As a nursing theorist, She developed the interpersonal relationship in nursing. Her conceptualization and demarcation of the process of the interaction between nurse and patient is one of her major contributions to nursing profession (Dorothy E. Gregg, 2002). Hilda entered the nursing profession in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, where she earned her diploma in nursing at Pottstown Hospital.
Hilda earned her Masters Degree at Teachers College, Columbia University, and worked in psychiatric nursing in Highland Hospital in Ashville, North Carolina. She completed her Doctorate in Education at Columbia. She was there on the faculty for six years and then moved to Rutgers, the State University in New Jersey, to develop and chair the graduate psychiatric nursing program. Hildegard Peplau describes the lively relationship between a nurse and a patient.
It was reflected in four phases of relationships- orientation, in which the person and the nurse mutually identify the person's problem; identification, in which the person identifies with the nurse, thereby accepting help; exploitation, in which the person makes use of the nurse's help; and resolution, in which the person accepts new goals and frees herself or himself from the relationship. Hilda conveyed the message that by opting nursing as a career, nurses facilitated the movement of a sizeable number of middle class people. Preparation for a nursing career could be acquired without paying tuition, and room and board were supported in return for service rendered during the training period. Young people earned their nursing diplomas, and then support the college educations of brothers, sisters and spouses.
She visualized the nursing and medical professions as partaking some commonly held goals and services, but each with a different and separate health mission in accomplishing the health needs of people. Hilda was expert in creating learning opportunities that assisted these students to rediscover their intellectual resources and to develop useful strategies for dealing with such occupational hazards. Each psychiatric nurse here today benefited with her work to raise their career, either through her teaching, consultation, writing, professional organization activities, or governmental advisory endeavors. She had centered her work on the development of the clinical expertise and theoretical base for the practice of the clinical specialist in psychiatric nursing. Hilda has believed that the total profession will benefit from the specialist's opportunity to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and practice. This belief in her writing enabled nurses to utilize concepts from psychiatric nursing in other areas of nursing practice.
She has been interested in how individuals learn concepts and how they employ them in different levels and in different areas of practice. Analysis of the philosophical-ethical background of Peplau's works enlightens a view on nursing practice that is relevant today. Peplau (1952, p. 62) signified that counseling was the most important role that nurses could fulfill, meaning by this a relationship that provides satisfaction for needs unmet in the past through which continuing growth becomes possible. Peplau held that phenomena such as hearing voices were illusionary figures, artistically invented for the twin purposes of avoiding anxiety and mitigating loneliness (Peplau, 1989, p. 323) and recommended a range of specific interpersonal psychotherapeutic responses.
Any intervention or approach should be chosen and undertaken judiciously with an understanding of the persons current capacity, desires and with a purpose in mind. Dr. Peplau emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the basis of nursing practice. Many as innovatory saw her investigations and emphasis on the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships. Peplau went on to form an interpersonal model emphasizing the need for a partnership between nurse and client as opposed to the client passively receiving treatment. The quintessence of Peplau's nursing theories is the creation of a mutual experience.
Nurses, she thought, could facilitate this through observation, description, formulation, interpretation, validation and intervention. Nurse professional acquires these practices today. Hildegard E. Peplau's model has proved of great use to later nurse theorists and clinicians in developing more sophisticated and therapeutic nursing interventions.
Bibliography Hildegard E. Peplau (1999). Her Contributions. Dorothy E. Gregg, Journal Title: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. Volume: 35.
Issue: 3. Page Number: 10. Peplau, H. E. (1952). Interpersonal Relations in Nursing.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Peplau, H. E. (1952). Interpersonal Relations in Nursing.
New York: G. P. Putnam. Peplau, H. E. (1989).
Theoretical constructs: Anxiety, self, and hallucinations. In A. W. O'Toole & S. R. Welt (Eds. ), Interpersonal Theory in Nursing Practice: Selected Works of Hildegard E.
Peplau (pp. 270 - 326). New York: Springer.
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