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Example research essay topic: Safety And Health Occupational Hazards - 1,698 words

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... to employees. Working also in a clean dry atmosphere also improves safety. In any working place the surrounding should be clean and dry free from moisture which can bring about diseases. This can be achieved by employees ensuring that the environment in which they are is safe. However, some workers work in a cold misty environment.

Care should be taken to ensure that they are safe. There must wear gloves and books with heavy clothing to keep them warm all the time. Further individual behavior can be achieved through empowerment in improving safety. Safety is the responsibility of both employer and employees. The employees can improve or give personal attention to safety through screening and incentive programs.

This will be achieved if manager or supervisors: - Praise employees when they choose safety behavior. Listen when employees offer suggestions, concerns or complaints. Be a good example, for instance, by following every safety rule and procedure. Visit plant areas regularly. Maintain open safety communications for instance, by telling employees as much as possible about safety activities such as testing alarms and changing safety equipment or procedures. Link managers bonuses to safety improvements (William Kincaid, to habits of effective safety managers occupational Hazards 58, No. 4 (November 1996 pp 41 43. ) Creating the right safety climate isnt just academic.

One study assessed safety climate in terms of items such as my supervisor says a good word whenever he sees the job done according to the safety rules, and my supervisor approaches workers during work to discuss safety issues. The study found that Employees did develop consistent perceptions concerning supervisory safety practices, and These safety climate perceptions predicted safety records in the months following survey (Dor. Zohar. A group level model of safety climate: journal of applied Psychology, 85. No. 4 (2000) pp. 585 596.

Screening is another way to reduce unsafe act hence empowering individual behavior modification focusing on improvement of personal attention to safety. Aim of screening is to isolate the trait (i. e. visual skill) that might predict accidents on the job in question, and then screen candidates for this trait. Studies show that employee reliability dimensions such as emotional maturity, conscientiousness, safe job performance, and courteous job performance (G. Borofsky, M.

Bietana, accidents turnover, Psychological reports, 1993 pp 1067 1076). While the findings of one study were not definitive, using ERI in the selection process did seem to be associated with reductions in work related accidents (I bid, P 1072). Safety training is also another way to reduce accidents and pay attention to safety. However it depends on what type of training.

Mere training will not empower the employees to pay attention towards safety. Therefore training must be accompanied by doing certain things. Occupational safety and Health Act (OSHA) for example has respiratory protection standard that requires each employee to be able to demonstrate how to inspect, put on, remove, use and check respirator seals (John Res, Is your safety Training Programme Effective? Occupational hazards, August, 1999 pp. 37 39).

Another way in which personal safety attention to safety can be provided is through incentives. This incentive program has been successful at reducing work place injuries, for example UPS has given its drivers safety awards since 1993 (Jennifer Loans, Cashing in on safety, Work force, August 1997, p, 57). Clariant Corporation annually evaluates managers and employees on meeting goals in four key areas, including safety performance, bonus (up to 8 % of gross pay) and then depends on their safety records. Another firm rewards workers with a sweatshirt for 250, 000 workers hours without a lost of time accident, a wind breaker for 500, 000, a 500 savings band and a quartz clock for 750, 000 hours, and a commemorative silver coin and a safety jacket for 1 million accident free hours. (Todd Nigh's Wonder, Wanted: safe workers, Occupational Hazards, November 1999, p. 106. Behavior based study, also can improve safety. This involves identifying the worker behaviors that contributes to accidents and the training workers to avoid these behaviors.

For example, Tennecos Corporation (manufacturer of automobile exhaust, systems and Monroe brand suspensions) implemented a behavior-based safety program at its 70 manufacturing sites in 20 countries. The firm selected internal consultants from among its quality managers, engineers and production workers. After training, the internal consultants identified five critical behaviors for Tennecos first safety program, such as: Eyes on task: Does the task? The consultants made observations, collected data regarding the behaviors, and then instituted on site training programs to get employees to perform these activities properly (Stan Hudson and Tim Gordon Tennecos drive to become injury free, Occupation Hazards, May 2000 pp. 85 87). Further compensation of employees will automatically be reduced if accidents reduce in the organization.

Whenever an employee suffers in the organization, the organization has to compensate him dearly. Therefore precaution has to be taken so as to be taken by delegating some powers to employees so as to enhance their own safety. If all this is said and done, then individual behavior can be achieved through empowerment program in such a way that it will improve personal attention to safety. There is need to hold various safety seminars, workshops and conferences so as to educate employees on how to keep themselves at work place.

This seminars, conferences and workshops should be attended by all the employees, management, middle-level staff and junior staff. It is obvious most companies or organizations hold this function and invite only management and technical staff. A manager or a cleaner has the responsibility of enhancing his or her safety at the place of work. Therefore it should be all inclusive rather that a few. At times emergencies occur for example a house may catch fire at work place. There are some safety precautions employees are supposed to enhance, for example do not use escalators or elevators instead go by stairs.

There are some equipment also in officer which can be used to extinguish fire. Some employees do not know how to use them. In this regard there is need to have sessions where they are specifically made aware of any of any danger that might occur and to handle it. Work place counseling also ensures safety at work. This is so in the sense that if there is proper counseling it will assist to reduce stress.

If there is too much stress employees cannot be able to concentrate on their work. Thus they become careless and develop dont- care attitude which eventually leads to accidents. This counseling is very important since it makes the employee feel that his /her problems are shared by someone else and he is not the only one in the problem. This gives him morale of working putting a side all domestic and workplace issues aside. Annual leaves are also very necessary in any organization. They assist to reduce over concentration of working for a long time it is necessary that the employee takes a break.

The leave is important as the worker will refresh and when he is back at work is able to concentrate on his work. If employers are worked up they are likely to cause harm. Job rotation at work can also reduce accidents. Working long at the same place creates monotony, therefore employees should be allowed to rotate jobs within their department and in the areas they have specialized.

Suitability of employees in a particular job will enhance personal attention to safety. It is advisable that employees are deployed in areas of their specialization. For example to deployed in construction sites qualified personnel should be hired. Site construction being a dangerous place should have qualified in building and construction besides the professionals such as engineers, architects, designers etc.

Inter organization safety exchange fairs can also create personal attention to safety. In these fair which should be held regularly employees of one organization can meet the other from another organization and they can exchange the views regarding safety. By so doing they can learn various methods or ways of ensuring their safety at work place. Conclusion Safety at work place is important since it does not only benefit the employee but the organization as well. If safety is enhanced the employees healthy is guaranteed hence the employees will not have to spend more money and time off the organization to seek medical attention. Safety is a precaution that should be enhanced so as to prevent any emergence illnesses or accidents.

Organizations or companies also benefit from safety at work. Enhanced safety ensures that the company does not need to spend on medical expenses of employees. If accidents are reduced at work place the premium of insurance for the employees will also come down. Organizations also cut costs of hiring employees. If an employee dies or is permanently disabled then it has to look for a replacement, which involve money. Therefore if safety is enhanced then the healthy of its employees will be maintained hence no need of hiring.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Marshall, R. , Talbott, J. , Bukovinsky, D. , (2006). Employee Empowerment Works at Small Companies, Too. Strategic Finance, Sep 2006, 34 - 42 2.

Mathis, T. L. , (2005). Lean Behavior-Based Safety. Occupational Hazards, May 2005, 67 - 5, 33 - 37 Kelly, G. , (2006).

Ready, Willing and able? The Safety and Health Practitioner, Apr 2006, 24 - 4, 46 - 50 3. Maximilian, B. , (2002). Trust, power, and workplace democracy: Safety and health works councils in Oregon. Dissertation, University of Oregon 4. Randolph, W.

A. (2000). Re-thinking Empowerment: Organizational Dynamics, 29 - 2, 94 - 107 5. Greatly, K. , Bryman, A. , Dainty A. , Price, A. , (2005). Employee perceptions of empowerment.

Employee Relations, 27 - 4 / 5, 354 - 369 6. Teaching safety and health in the work place, US department of Labor, OSHA, 1976, J J. Surry. 7. Human resource Management, G. Dealer, 9 th edition, Prentice hall of India ltd, New Delhi. 8. Behavior in organizations, R, A.

Baron, J. Greenberg, 7 th edition, 2000, Pearson Education Inc. New Jersey. 9. Management of organizations, P. Hersey, K. H.

Blanchard, D. E... Johnson, 8 th Edition, 2001, Pearson Education Inc. New Jersey.


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