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... perceive and take heed on the significant aspects of the behavior (Delores Isom, 1998). In a related study, author Case (1993) in his Theories of Learning and Theories of Development, reiterates what Delores Isom expounded in his article, that one should take note of the importance of the learning theory and the importance of observation as a requirement for learning. Thus, when children view these models in the commercials, they can readily absorb all messages. (Delores Isom, 1998). Author Case in the Theories of Learning and Theories of Development expounds on the classical Piagetian theory that offered a lot to education. He talks about the notion of a central conceptual structure that looks at the whole picture and proves that this idea is useful in different areas such as assessment, early childhood education, curriculum design and remedial instruction.
He says that with the emergence of the information science, the learning theory underwent great changes and thus, became more cognitive in nature. Thus, learning theory incorporated the Piagetian theory in areas where it is the basis for educational reform. This is useful in the area of teaching where the a medium will know the importance of observation as a first requirement of learning about and doing something about certain behaviors. (Case, 1993, p. 223). This advertising techniques work under the premise that people are goal-oriented beings and that they will move or act according to their belief systems. Advertisements create these belief systems and the people in turn will act according to these beliefs by purchasing the products being promoted. Through its advertisements, Pepsi centers on capturing the consumers attention in order to create the values and attributes that their target market would think about.
Through its top endorsers, high quality editing of television advertisements and music, Pepsi uses a method similar to the one that the news media use in communicating the salience of an issue. Through media communication in advertising, the consumer allows itself to turn its back to reality and embrace the more desirable beliefs created in advertisements (Collis). Conclusion Television entertainment has become a part of day to day life. We can not simply ignore the growing body of data that suggests that televised imagery does affect our perceptions and behaviors.
According to Kerby Anderson in his article, Sex and Violence on Television, What we view and what we think about affects our actions. And there is abundant psychological evidence that television viewing affects our worldview. (Anderson, 2004). Our worldview and our subsequent actions are affected by what we see on television. There is a need to protect our children from offensive and disastrous influences brought about by television entertainment. There is a call to observing and enforcing appropriate regulations and measures that would choose only those television programs which are substantial and beneficial for our childrens viewing. What we teach our children, and what our children learn to grow up with, determine what the kind of future they will have for themselves.
Children form the ages 6 - 11 spend more time watching television than they do in the classroom. As a child sits in front of baby-sitting television, her eyes are glued to the viewing of shoot em up rip em up kind of entertainment. We have to remember that the entertainment media plays an extremely powerful role in the formation of values and morals, to all youngsters minds, all socioeconomic levels and all levels of intelligence. These programs play with kids minds. These programs have a tremendous negative effect on our children.
We as a society, must save our future and take an active role in protecting our children from the violence on our television. ANNOTATED BIDILIOGRAPHY 1. Sunday, David. Television and Minor League Baseball.
Changing Patterns of Leisure in Postwar America. Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 2 No. 21 February 2006. Retrieved Nov. 18, 2006 at: web This is a site that expounds on the role of television on minor league teams survivability. It examines the role of television in a specific sports arena and how its emergence largely influence the viewers habits and even gives a statistical analysis of televisions effects on minor league and its attendance and life. The author looks at the different factors that the television works in order to change entertainment patterns. 2.
Anderson, Kerby. Sex and Violence on Television. Retrieved Nov. 18, 2006 at: from web ways in which a television has undergone changes in so short a time. The author contests what most authors say that television has not changed much. This is even contrary to what is happening, It seems that other forms of decadence are happening.
The author backs this up by saying that there are simple ways to demonstrate this especially when one looks at the facts such as during the Parents Television Council when it compared sex, language and violence in 1989 and 1999. Sexual material increased, including sexual dialogues on TV show. This also includes references homosexuality. 3. Violence on Television. American Psychological Association. Public Interest Retrieved Nov. 18, 2006 at: web According to the 1982 report on National Institute of Mental High, the report confirmed and extended an earlier study done by the Surgeon General that states that there is too much violence show on television, especially for children.
The articles looks at even the cartoon shows to contain violence and aggressive acts that children may presume to be normal. These are children who are observed to hit their classmates for no reason at all after watching supposedly harmless cartoon shows. It gives references to studies and researches that prove their point. The site reveals some surprising facts such as children may become numb to pain and suffering from others. They may also exhibit more fear to their surroundings and they are more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways towards others. 4.
Rankin, Agree. Reality TV: Race to the Bottom. Publications. Parents Television Council. 2004 Retrieved Nov. 18, 2006 at: web Reality shows proliferate television programs nowadays.
The article takes a closer look at the recent trends nowadays and how the encouragement of foul language as part of that reality is accepted. In a very real sense, viewers become like accepted voyeurs of society. 5. Hurst, Marianne D. Researchers Target Impact of Television Violence. Ed week. 17 Nov. 2004. Retrieved Nov. 6, 2006 at: < web >.
Hurst, the author, emphasizes in her article that parents need to be more active in analyzing television programs with their children. She suggests that parents must watch what their children are watching, otherwise, they miss out on the values that they can easily impart when the situation is called for. This is a realistic view of childrens TV viewing habits and it is essential that the presence of the parent is right there beside her child when watching these television programs. 6. Chandler, Daniel. Television Violence and Childrens Behavior. 22 Dec. 2004.
Retrieved Nov. 6, 2006 at: < web html>. The author, chandler agrees that most television shows indeed show more aggression and violence. He states that most behaviorist researches find the interrelationship of watching violent shows and aggressiveness in children. He looks at the problem in a broader context in the areas of social, cultural and historical context. He states that in the process of putting the blame at media, people may be distracted as to the real causes of changes and thus, the effects of television can be massively exaggerated. 7. Delores Isom, M (November 30, 1998).
The Social Learning Theory. Retrieved Nov. 4, 2006 at: web This article gives an overall clear view of Banduras Social Learning Theory. It gives an introductory view of what how it functions in behavior modeling especially aggression. Delores Isom explains how she says that children often learn aggression by observing others and perhaps looking at media materials and models. The article goes further as to say that if aggression is diagnosed early in children, then this could be easily checked by family members and other concerned people and institutions. More than the aggression level, though, it is the modeling, at large that is important in transferring behavior and attitudes. 8.
Case, R. (1993). Theories of Learning and Theories of Development. Educational Psychologist. Vol. 28.
Issue 3. 1993, p. 223. Article Retrieved Nov. 4, 2006 at: web Author Case expounds on the classical Piagetian theory that offered a lot to education. He talks about the notion of a central conceptual structure that looks at the whole picture and proves that this idea is useful in different areas such as assessment, early childhood education, curriculum design and remedial instruction. He says that with the emergence of the information science, the learning theory underwent great changes and thus, became more cognitive in nature. Thus, learning theory incorporated the Piagetian theory in areas where it is the basis for educational reform. This is useful in the area of teaching where the a medium will know the importance of observation as a first requirement of learning about and doing something about certain behaviors. 9.
Trademarks and Advertising. Accessed 17 April 2006 at: web In the legal area, this site explains that trademarks and copyrights are issues that usually crop up. In general, is one wants to use another's trademark in advertising, there is a need to get the writer or the owners permission first and pay the licensing fee. By and large, it is the Federal Trade Commission that is responsible for the monitoring and regulation of all types of advertising (Trademarks and Advertising).
According to the Trademarks and Advertising, the remedies for the infringement of the registered trademarks will entail an injunction prohibiting the further use of the mark, destruction of all goods bearing the trademark, payment of lost profits and / or royalties to the trademark owner plus possible court expenses that may be incurred. 10. Collis, Dave. The Abuse of Consumerism. Zadok Online. 1999. Accessed Collis, Dave. The Abuse of Consumerism.
Zadok Online. 1999. Accessed Nov. 18, 2006 at: web Collis explains how products are culturally-coded such that models in commercials are identified as bubbly and good-looking for Coke advertisements and Pete Sampras for Nike. He states how products are able to acquire a certain kind of significance way above their own value. There is a subtle implantation of needs in consumers that the author is very much against. He practically abhors the kind of maneuverings that these advertisement companies utilize just to promote their product.
They are also violence in the sense that they invade our childrens minds insidiously. OTHER REFERENCES Funk. Jeanne. Reevaluating the Impact of Video Games.
Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 32. no. 2, 86 - 90. 1993 Kingpin: Life of Crime. Retrieved Nov. 6, 2006 at: web Lee, Jeremy. Kathleen Luchini, Benjamin Michael, Cathie Norris, Elliot Slowly (2004). Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI ' 04 Abstracts on Human factors in computing systems.
ACM Press New York, NY, USA p. 1375 - 1378 Schmitt, B. D. (2004). Disadvantages of Video Games. Clinical Reference Systems. Jan 1, 2004 p 3356. Behavioral Health Advisor 2004. 1 McKesson Health Solutions LLC Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction Association for Computing Machinery, ACM Pres, New York, USA Section I: Watching, Reading and Listening to the News.
Retrieved Nov. 18, 2006 at: web Trademarks and Advertising. Retrieved Nov. 6, 2006 at: web
Free research essays on topics related to: minor league, social learning theory, television programs, television violence, early childhood
Research essay sample on Social Learning Theory Minor League
