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Example research essay topic: World War Ii 17 Th Century - 1,887 words

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Jakarta, Indonesia Indonesia is one of if not the most beautiful countries in Asia. It has a vast and colorful history. Indonesia has some of the greatest architectural masterpieces in the world. Some of the greatest styles of martial arts also come from Indonesia. There are many different aspects of this magnificent country. Indonesia has a tropical climate with three informal seasons: cool, hot, and rainy.

Almost all of Indonesia is very humid. Temperatures range from 8 degrees Celsius at night to a scorching 38 degrees Celsius or higher in the day during the hottest months. The countrys rich soil and abundant water supply provide ideal conditions for growing rice. Indonesia produces plenty of rice for its people and has enough left over to be the worlds largest exporter of it.

In addition to the rice fields, Indonesia has an abundance of Mulberry trees, necessary for producing silk. Also on may islands grow Rubber trees vital for the economy. Other crops produce a variety of tropical fruits including pineapples, oranges, grapes, melons, mangoes, papayas, and bananas. In addition to the preceding fruit widely known in the United States, they also grow fruits that can be rarely found here in western countries except for in a few Asian markets. As the majority of countries of Southeast Asia, Indonesia came under the control of European colonial domination.

It worked its way around being taken over by Europeans with being very open-willed and holding open arms to traders from the west. They had business with the Dutch. The modernization of Indonesian political, social, and economic institutions had begun in the mid-nineteenth century, and it was mainly based on European models. Certain traits are characteristics of the countries history and society. The Indonesians have been primarily rice and fruit cultivators. Rice culture came with the earliest settlers, and led to a vast complex of paddy fields watered by an intricate system of canals, rivers, and reservoirs.

Fish where equally plentiful, not only in the waterways but also in the sea. To these basic ingredients were gradually added upon, brought forth by many other cultures; some nearby, like China and India, and others from far off places like Persia and Portugal. Eastern Indonesia is dramatically different from the rest of the country in both scenery and culture. It is mostly a tropical rain forest and is rained upon eight months out of the year. The main cultivated areas are mostly coconut plantations. This is apparent in the cuisine because many of the dishes contain one form or anther of coconut.

From the seas come huge marine fish, rock lobsters, crab, mussels, squid, prawns and scallops. They also use pineapples for a sweet treat at the end of meals. In Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, everything is available. The best restaurants in Jakarta are known for elegant presentations known as palace cooking. In Jakarta, you can find the most exotic regional delicacies. Like gold and silver threads woven into a length of silk, the many festivals and ceremonials of the Indonesian life light up the fabric of the working year.

Indonesian people love to celebrate and have fun, the pageantry and religious ceremonies reflect upon their strong devotion to. The origins of their ceremonies and festivals are many and varied, but most are intimately connected with their colorful history and the external influences, which have shaped the Indonesian nation. Jakarta is home to over 10 million people, Jakarta is always bustling, from the sound of the wheel of government turning to the sight of the economy churning. Jakarta is an international gateway for Indonesia. Practically all international airlines stop in Jakarta.

From within Indonesia, several airlines serve the domestic markets. Skyscrapers, single story residential houses, modern apartment complexes, survivalists shanties - all coexist in this city. So, why should you visit Jakarta? Well, for the same reasons you would visit New York, or London, or Paris, or Singapore, or any other big city. In the early 16 th century, Portuguese merchants attempted to expand their commercial influence in the area, signed a treaty with the King of Pajajaran, and established a fortress there to defend against the Muslim forces.

However, in 1527, Prince Fatahillah defeated King of Pajajaran, conquered the Portuguese fortress, and renamed the town Jayakarta (meaning great victory). In 1619, the Dutch East India Company arrived in Java, burnt down the town and constructed a walled city named Batavia near the Jakarta bay, which became the centre of Dutch trading and administrative activities for three centuries. Fatahillah Square was the heart of the Dutch colonial administration. During the reign of the Dutch's they brought non-Javanese slaves from other countries and built a series of canals. Subsequently an extensive system of urban railways was also developed linking Jakarta with Tangergang in the west, Strong and Sunda straits in the south west, Bogor and Bandung in the south, Beast and Carbon in the east.

In 1942, Jakarta was occupied by the Japanese forces for the World War II. However when Indonesia gained independence in 1945, Jakarta was chosen as the capital city of the newly independent Indonesian nation. In 1961, the status of Jakarta was raised to that of a Special territory. Prince Jayawikarta, a follower of the Sultan of Banten, resided on the west banks of the Ciliwung river, which in the early 17 th century reached the roughly at our starting place, the Lookout at Pasar Ikan. He erected a military post there in order to control the mouth of the river and the Dutch who had been granted permission in 1610 to build a wooden go down and some houses just opposite there on the east bank. Dutch ships had already come to Jayakarta in 1596.

The Prince tried to keep a close eye on these unruly guests. To keep its strength equal to that of the Dutch, Prince Jayawikarta allowed the British to erect houses on the West Bank of Ciliwung River, across the Dutch go down, in 1615. The Prince granted permission to the British to erect a fort closed to his Customs Office post. Jayawikarta was in support of the British because his palace was under the threat of the Dutch cannons. In December 1618, the tense relationship between Prince Jayawikarta and the Dutch escalated. Jayawikarta soldiers besieged the Dutch fortress that covered two strong go down, namely Nassau and Mauritius.

The British fleet made up of 15 ships arrived. The fleet was under the leadership of Sir Thomas Dale, former governor of the Colony of Virginia, now known as Virginia State in the United States. The British admiral was already old and was indecisive. After the sea battle, the newly appointed Dutch governor Jan Pieter Soon Coon (1618) escaped to Molucca to seek support. Meanwhile, the commander of the Dutch army was arrested when the negotiation was underway because Jayawikarta felt that he was deceived by the Dutch. Then, the Prince Jayawikarta and the British entered into a friendship agreement.

The Dutch army was about to surrender to the British when in 1619, a sultan from Banten sent soldiers and summoned Prince Jayawikarta for establishing closed relationship with the British without first asking an approval from Banten authorities. The conflict between Banten and Prince Jayawikarta as well as the tensed relationship between Banten and the British had weakened the Dutch enemy. Prince Jayawikarta was moved to Menara and died in Banten. The Dutch felt relieved and tried to establish a closer relationship with the Banten. The Dutch fortress garrison, along with hired soldiers from Japan, Germany, Scotia, Denmark, and Belgium held a party in commemoration of the change in situation. They name their fortress after Batavia to recollect the ethnic group Batavia, the Dutch ancestor.

Since then Jayakarta was called Batavia for more than 300 years. Under the relationship of J. P Coen, Dutch army attacked and destroyed the city and Jayakarta Palace on May 30, 1619. There were no remains of Jakarta except for the Para stone now stored at the National Museum in Jakarta. The Jayakarta grave was possibly located in Pulau Gaming. If we stand on top of Menara Syahbandar and look around, we can enjoy the beautiful panorama in the oldest area of Batavia.

Certainly, we cannot enjoy the remains of the city Sunda Kelapa or Jayakarta. Kasteel or the Dutch fortress, too, has been destroyed. Here we can see several remains from the mid- 17 th century. Nearly all of the remains are related to trade and sailing. Menara Syahbandar was built 1839 to replace the old flagpole in ship dock located right on the side across a river. From the pole and later the tower, officials observed ships about to anchor gave signals.

The tower then is used a meteorology post. To the West of the Lookout Tower, we can see the view of the present Museum Bahai. The museum represents a very old and strong edifice with Dutch architecture. The museum also provides several maps of the city, with stages of the city development shown. The museum is part of something in Dutch called Westzijdsche Pakhuizen (Warehouse on the West bank). Here nutmegs, pepper, coffee, tea, and cloth in a large scale were used to be stored.

The area around Menara Syahbandar was once the center of Kota Batavia. It was the center of a trading network with wide spread agents reaching Deshima (Nagasaki) in Japan, State in Persia and Capetown in South Africa. Inter-trade among Asia was more profitable than inter-trade between Asia and Europe. Moreover, the Pasar Ikan (Market Fish) once was the pulse. Here, the site where the origin of the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, came from. Jakarta is a contrast of modern western architecture and traditional Indonesian culture.

Its rapid growth into a metropolitan city, however, is a reflection of the economic, political, social and industrial development of the nation. This enormous city has humble roots, starting as a small harbor town called Sunda Kelapa, but its actual founding dates back to the June 22, 1527 when it was named Jayakarta by Fatahillah of the neighboring Sultanate of Banten. The name Jayakarta means City of Great Victory but under Dutch control, the name was changed to Batavia. Shortly after the outbreak of World War II, Batavia fell into the hands of invading Japanese forces that also changed the name of the city. This time it was called Jakarta as a gesture aimed at winning the sympathy of the Indonesians.

The name was retained even when Indonesia achieved national independence after the wars end. Now, as Jakarta, it is the centre of government, business and industry and spreads over an area of more than 650 sq. km (410 sq miles) with a population of over nine million people. It is also designated as a special territory, (DKI) which means that it is administered by a governor and en joys the same status as a province.

In recent years, Jakarta has expanded its facilities for visitors with multi-star luxury hotels, fine restaurants, exciting nightlife and modern shopping centers as well as tourist attractions like Taman Mini Indonesia Index (Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park), marine resorts in the Bay of Jakarta, an extensive beach recreation complex and restored colonial period buildings. Jakarta's architecture reflects the history of outside influences, which came and left their mark on this vital...


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Research essay sample on World War Ii 17 Th Century

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