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Example research essay topic: Mass Production Wheel Drive - 1,419 words

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a clear picture of automobiles in the 1950 s and the impact the automobile had on American society. The 1950 s were a time of economic growth for America, where income exceeded car prices and vision was limited only by ones imagination. This was a time when you are what you drive. President Eisenhower and his administration were friendly to big business for the first time since Herbert Hoover. For example, new highways were built by Eisenhower administration in 1956. The automotive industry in general was determined to make up for lost time.

Immediately after the war, America began switching from coal to oil in a big way. In 1949 consumption was 5. 8 million a year and went up to 16. 4 million just before the oil crisis of 1973. These gas-guzzling giants had incredible horsepower. Cars, already too big for basic space needs and ease of parking, became bigger and lower slung so that the slightest bump could smash the oil pan, muffler, or gas tank. Gasoline was cheap and plentiful in the 1950 s, even if you were going across the country. The National Defense Highway Act of 1956 developed a 41, 000 -mile interstate highway system that encouraged travel.

The countrys motels recorded $ 850 million in receipts in 1958. Not only motels, but also the steel, rubber, petroleum and construction industries all grew rich and dependent on cars. Add to this garages, automobile dealers, drive-ins, carhops, and tourism generally to see how the automobile industry had the worlds most powerful lobby. Cars brought status. The Cadillac was the highest status car, and to firm up its image it brought out the El Dorado Brougham. The least expensive Brougham cost 14, 000 dollars complete with vanity case, perfume bottle, lipsticks, dashboard tissue dispenser, and four gold finished drinking cups: American baroque.

Ads suggested that the mere ownership of a Cadillac provided instant entry into High Society. As automobiles became larger, fancier, and more expensive, commercials for them became louder, livelier, and employed more visual tricks. Ads, like the Ford one being filmed below, for instance, were less about cars than the dream of an auto-centered suburban life. Using such techniques to great effect, the Big Three automakers pushed new automobiles sales to 65 billion dollars in 1955 alone, a sum that represented 20 percent of the gross national product. Sex and power, the ads implied: the modern American dream. Television was turning out to be a magic machine for selling products.

No company spent more money on advertising or advertised its products better than GM. General Motors Corporation is the largest producer of automobiles in the world. Safety and practicality were not what the auto industry catered to, style was. Safe cars appeal only to squares, William Mitchell, GMs styling director, told a Fortune reporter in 1956, and there aint any squares no more.

Brakes performed poorly in early cars. The drum brakes on all four wheels became standard in the 1920 s. This was brake shoes that expand internally in a drum. When used repeatedly, these brakes fade (when heat distorts the drums), leading to temporary loss of braking power. Discovered in the 1950 s, the solution was to use disc brakes, in which brake pads press against a heat-conducting metal disc. Now, cars use drum brakes only on the rear wheels and disc brakes on the front or on all four wheels.

Most cars have used front wheel drive since the late 1950 s in Europe and the early 1970 s in the United States. The first tires were made from solid rubber, but they were superseded by pneumatic (air-filled) tires, which provided a more comfortable ride. A major advance in tires came with the introduction of radial-ply tires in the 1950 s. Their flexible sidewalls give better cornering and longer tread life. In the 1950 s, Felix Wankel developed the rotary-combustion engine. Its two trilobate (three-sided) rotors revolve in housings shaped in a fat figure eight.

The four sequences of the four-stroke cycle, which occur consecutively in a piston engine, occur simultaneously in a rotary engine, producing power in a continuous stream. Coach built cars combined traditional craftsmanship with elements of mass production. Their bodies could be assembled by hand in large numbers by using standardized wooden components and mechanically pressed exterior metal panel work. By the end of the 1930 s, all steel bodies had become virtually universal, and, by the end of the 1950 s the economic advantages of mass-production meant that the craft of coach building became limited to the restoration of vintage vehicles and the production of exclusive cars. The trim and upholstery of American cars became extravagant in the 1950 s. Auto manufacturers imaginations went berserk.

Soaring tail fins and enormous taillights became standard features. Cars, such as the Cadillac Eldorado, often had large amounts of chrome-plated metalwork and extravagantly upholstered interiors. Some even had gold-plated brightwork (polished metalwork). Seats were made with foam filling that could be molded into the wanted shape, with hand-stitched leather hides with matching wood veneers to trim the dashboard and door capping's. In 1950, Jet 1 was the worlds first successful turbo car, with a rear-mounted 200 bhp engine in a Rover 75 chassis. In 1952 it was timed at 151. 965 mph.

This was also the year tinted glass windows became available on Buick models in the USA. Ford of Dagenham first used the MacPherson strut, which was a combined coil-spring and damper. It was used on nearly every Ford Europe car thereafter. On May 26 th, wartime petrol rationing in Britain come to an end, but branded petrol's did not appear again until 1953. In 1951, the Chinese Government produced their first private car prototype. The Chinese Government, at this time was under Mao Tse-tung.

It was referred to as The Peoples Car. Modern-type power steering was offered on the Chrysler Imperial models in America. As mentioned earlier, disc brakes were developed. In 1952 disc brakes of Dunlop design were fitted to the Jaguar entries in the Mille Miglia, a great sports car race. Manufacture was licensed to Giving and Bendix.

They were originally developed for the C-type racing Jaguar, but they were fitted as standard to the 1954 D-types and to the Austin-Healey 100 S the same year. In 1956, Triumph sports cars had front discs, and the Jensen 541 got 4 -wheel disc brakes that autumn. The Jaguar XK 150 was provided with discs in the spring of 1957. In 1952 The Montagu Motor Museum was founded at Belief, Hampshire, based on the personal collection of vehicles owned by Lord Montagu. There was a library of motoring books, drawings and photographs to see. The year of 1953 was of importance in the car world for Americans.

The first American sports car in the modern idiom was the Chevrolet Corvette. It is also the first series-production car with a fiberglass body. The Covenant System, preventing the immediate resale of new cars on the open market, finally ended. Although expensive cars had been freed earlier. The first tubeless tires to be marketed in Great Britain were manufactured by Dunlop. In 1954, the Cadillac from USA became the first manufacturer to adopt power-assisted steering as standard throughout its range.

The first petrol-engine private car with fuel injection as standard was the 3 -liter, gull-wing-door Mercedes-Benz 300 SL from Germany. The first British diesel-engine private car was a version of the Standard Vanguard Phase II. The first production car with front-wheel disc brakes and self-leveling suspension was the Cities DS of France in 1955. It was also the first with detachable body panels.

In 1956 Renault's Dauphine model was the first French car to sell over two million units. The Rover T 3, turbo-engine, 4 -wheel drive coupe, with a fiberglass body, was presented at the Earls Court Show. After 53 years as a motoring journalist in France, W. F.

Bradley retired. He was The Autocars continental correspondent, and had been with them since 1919. Before that he was Paris correspondent of the rival publication The Motor. The size of car number plates in the USA, Canada, and Mexico was standardized at 12 inches by 6 inches in 1957. The first car fitted with air suspension was the Cadillac Eldorado Brougham model. The first cars with twin-paired headlamps (four head lamps) were the Lincoln and Cadillac models.

The technical editor of the French Last, Charles Famous died. This ended 53 years service with...


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Research essay sample on Mass Production Wheel Drive

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