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The third advance, which came to use by the Romans, was the dome. The dome, like the arch and vault, was widely used in many grand structures. It was a spherical vault, which rested on a base wall. Compared to the vault, it was more stable; however, it was limited because it thrusts outward in a circle. The Roman hemispherical domes were very impressive and beautiful; The Pantheons great dome, built by Emperor Hadrian, is more than forty-three meters in diameter. Along with a revolution in structure and design, the Romans were the first to use and produce concrete; as well as marble, mosaic, and stone.
The mortar mix the Romans used provided a very strong foundation and support for structures. They used decorative stones as well as marble in public baths and many buildings. The Romans vast building supplies and their confidence in their abilities to use them were instrumental in their architectural excellence. The durability and beauty of the Romans arches, vaults, and domes speak for themselves two millenniums after they were built. In many instances, the vaults and foundation arches are all that is left of ruins. Up until the nineteenth century, arches and vaults were the only methods, other than post-and-lintel, for spanning space between walls and piers, and for constructing ceilings.
Their appeal and widespread use up to this day, is due largely to their durability and efficiency, as evidenced by the Roman architects. Every great empire confers with a marvelous city, and Rome was no exception. The center of all trade, art, commerce and court for the entire empire, Rome was a magnificent city. Set on the shores of the Tiber River, Rome had been inhabited for nearly three thousand years. It was not until during the 7 th century B.
C. that it came to be called Rome. It was set in a perfect strategic location for it was not too close to the sea and was surrounded by seven huge hills. Unlike many smaller Roman cities, Rome did not have a very orderly layout.
As the population grew, eventually reaching one million, the city extended its limits and added public works. Two of the revolutionary systems used in Rome were the aqueducts and the sewer system. The aqueducts, which were built by the Roman army, supplied water to the ever-growing population. They were huge cement edifices, which carried water along their tops. The underground sewers were an intellectual marvel at the time. Another popular feature of Rome was the public baths located around the city.
These were public buildings with huge open-air rooms inside where people would bathe and exercise. The great vaulted roofs still stand today over what once was the baths. Public tombs were also customary for nearly all residents, even slaves. Depending on ones stature in society, one could have various structures erected. Emperors and senate members constructed huge mausoleums with monuments. The common people were cremated and their ashes were kept in small niches with a plaque.
The empire sprung off from Rome in every direction, on land and sea. All roads lead to Rome was the case with roads such as the Via April stretching out across the land. The roads were so plentiful, and well built that many of them survive today as landmarks and remnants of a vast empire.
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Research essay sample on Public Baths Rome Romans
