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Example research essay topic: Versions Of Unix Point Of Sale - 1,746 words

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... is a better system than the just-in-time inventory method because under the other systems, storage is required, but under the stockiness inventory system, it eliminates inventories. The most important part of the stockiness inventory is the information system that allows all transactions to happen at the touch of a key (Removing the Warehouse). A final example on how information systems benefit large firms by lower costs and allowing them to deliver products and services at lower cost is Wal-Mart. By keeping prices low and shelves well stocked, Wal-Mart uses an outstanding inventory replenishment system triggered by point-of-sale purchases. This is considered the best system in the industry.

This continuous replenishment system sends orders to suppliers as soon as the customer at the register purchases the product. Point-of-sale terminals record the bar code of each item passing the checkout counter and send a purchase transaction directly to a central computer at Wal-Mart Headquarters. The computer collects orders from all of the Wal-Mart stores and transmits them to suppliers. Because this system allows them to replenish inventory very fast, Wal-Mart does not spend as much money on stock pilling inventory as its competitors. Wal-Mart only spends 15 percent of sales in overhead while Sears spends 30 percent and Kmart spends 21 percent.

Again, this is only possible because of the use of information systems. As you can see, information systems are far more than just input, process, and output machines. Managers and society must understand that these systems provide solutions to business challenges and must be willing to change with the new technology. Information systems can help in the day-to-day task at work and at home. We no longer have to depend on only one firm or corporation to buy material we need. We can shop the global market 24 hours a day to find the best price and quality.

With the increased global competition, companies will have to use information systems in order to survive in todays market place. UNIX was slow to catch on outside of academic institutions but soon was popular with businesses as well. The first five versions were part of an internal research effort of Bell Labs, and it was not until the sixth version, called UNIX Time sharing Sixth Edition V, that UNIX was widely distributed (Osiris, 1). Relatively recent developments are graphical interfaces (GUI) such as MOTIF, X Windows and Open View.

UNIX has two major versions. Jointly developed by UNIX Systems Laboratories (USL) and by AT&T researchers together with Bell Labs, generically known as System V, is the commercial version and is the most widely distributed by major manufacturers. The second, developed by the University of Berkley and Berkley Software Distribution (BSD), is the educational version and is completely focused on research. The USL version is now on its fourth release, or SVR 4, while BSDs latest version is 4. 4. However, there are many different versions of UNIX besides these two. The operating system has been licensed to several manufacturers who in turn developed their own versions of UNIX, based on System V or BSD, but adding new characteristics.

Most versions of UNIX developed by software companies are derived from one of the two groupings and, recent versions of UNIX actually incorporate features from both of them. However, UNIX has had an unregulated history with over 200 versions (Berlin, 16) existing today. The UNIX system is made up of three primary components, the kernel, the shell, and the utilities (which includes the file system). The central part of the OS, the kernel is the first program to start when the system is turned on and the last program to do anything when the system is halted. In addition to scheduling tasks, it manages data / file access and storage, enforces security mechanisms and performs all hardware access.

The name KERNEL represents the fact that it is a program designed as a central nucleus, around which other functions of the system were added. The heart of the operating system, it not only interacts directly with the systems hardware, but presents each user with a prompt, interprets commands typed by a user, executes user commands and supports a custom environment for each user. The two most common shells are the Bourne shell, default for the System V, and the C-shell used mainly with the BSD version (Osiris, 1). The utilities consist of file management (rm, cat, ls, rmdir, mkdir), user management (passwd, chmod, cheap), process management (kill, ps) and printing (lp, troff, pr).

UNIX is one of the most popular operating systems worldwide because of its large support base and distribution. It was originally developed at AT&T as a multitasking system for minicomputers and mainframes in the 1970 's, but has since grown to become one of the most widely used operating systems anywhere, despite its sometimes-confusing interface and lack of central standardization. RTOS (A real-time operating system) is an operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint. For example, an operating system might be designed to ensure that a certain object was available for a robot on an assembly line.

In what is usually called a hard real-time operating system, if the calculation could not be performed for making the object available at the designated time, the operating system would terminate with a failure. In a soft real-time operating system, the assembly line would continue to function but the production output might be lowered as objects failed to appear at their designated time, causing the robot to be temporarily unproductive. Some real-time operating systems are created for a special application; others are for purpose that is more general. Some existing general-purpose operating systems claim to be real-time operating systems. Real-time operating systems are often required in small-embedded operating systems that are packaged as part of micro-devices.

Some kernel can be considered to meet the requirements of a real-time operating system. However, since other components, such as device drivers, are also usually needed for a particular solution, a real-time operating system is usually larger than just the kernel. The Internet era has finally reached our everyday life. Our everyday life may be impossible to manage without the Internet.

Since Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, telecommunication devices have developed and evolved beyond our imagination. Now we can communicate with the persons who live in the opposite side of the world on the corded / cordless telephone, through the Internet, and by other means. The keynote speech for Comdex Fall 2000 by Carly Fiorina, the CEO of HP, implied that the Internet is not technology, but a lifestyle. However, her fascinating statement seems to be outdated since the competitive technology groups are preparing for the post-internet era. There has been a great deal of fanfare in the press recently regarding an emerging set of devices designed to make access to the Internet easier. These information appliances are described as low-cost, easy-to-use, consumer-focused devices that provide access to one or more benefits of the Internet (IDC 2000).

In addition, the Screen phone includes a base module, a voice communications module, a keypad, and screen display. This product will provide access to Internet service. Samsung Anywebtm saves customers their money by connecting calls through the Internet. The Web Screen Phone combines the Internet features of a PC, such as e-commerce, web surfing and e-mail, with IP (Internet Protocol) telephony, and the simplicity of a regular telephone.

These products offer a full e-mail send / receive functionality, browsing of WWW, and other high-end features. Furthermore, it is possible to provide the non-PC user with the opportunities to browse the Internet. This is what Samsung Anywebtm had set out to accomplish. Samsung Anywebtm is a pioneer. Murray Hill, N.

J. -- Lucent Technologies' Inferno (Network Software business today announced Inferno Release 1. 0 -- a real-time network operating system (OS) that provides a software infrastructure for businesses to create distributed network applications. Inferno 1. 0 provides end-to-end connectivity over the public telephone network, the Internet, corporate networks, cable television and satellite broadcast. With Inferno, networking and security protocols are built in the OS, and applications run unchanged across any communications network or device. The product has a very small memory footprint, allowing it to act as a stand-alone OS on information appliances and run as an application on network elements -- such as servers, routers and switches -- using UNIX or Microsoft NT platforms. Inferno is a full-featured operating system for customers developing heavyweight network applications for all types of information and communication devices. Today complex mix of networks makes possible for customers to use Inferno to capitalize on new business opportunities while leveraging existing hardware and software investments.

Omni Box, a provider and developer of interactive services and programming for the home electronic commerce market, is an Inferno 1. 0 customer. Thomas A. Bush, president of Omni Box, said, "Our goal with the Omni Box Network is to help communications distributors in all channels reach many businesses, households, universities and hospitals. We chose to build our services architecture on Inferno because it provides the flexibility, openness and robustness that such a sophisticated electronic commerce system requires. " The Inferno 1. 0 operating system includes the Styx communications protocols, the Limbo programming language and the Disc "virtual machine. " Inferno 1. 0 supports applications and services developed from other programming languages, such as Java, C and C++. The new release of Inferno also includes drivers for speech and audio applications, and open database connectivity (ODBC) for Informix, Microsoft, Sybase and Oracle databases. Enhanced documentation, training and support include programmer and user guides, a Limbo programming course and a support hotline for developers.

Inferno 1. 0 runs as a stand-alone operating system on small devices, which use Hitachi SH 3, DEC StrongArm, Intel Architecture, MIPS, Motorola 68030, Power PC, SPARC and ARM processors. The product also can be hosted as a virtual system on Sun Solaris, Silicon Graphics IRIX, DEC Alpha, HP-UX, and Microsoft NT and Win 95. Lucent Technologies designs, builds and delivers a wide range of public and private networks, communications systems and software, consumer and business telephone systems and microelectronics components. Bell Labs is the research and development arm for the company. Works Cited Laudon, Kenneth C. , and Jane P. Laudon.

Management Information Systems. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1996 Removing the Warehouse from Cost-Conscious Hospitals. New York Times, 1991 web web web web Comelford, Richard. Operating Systems go Head to Head, IEEE Spectrum, 1993 web


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Research essay sample on Versions Of Unix Point Of Sale

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