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Example research essay topic: Sherman Anti Trust Laissez Faire - 996 words

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... such blatant problems in working condition for the workers, the employers and aristocracy in many cases displayed an apathetic feeling towards the consumer. If the bosses had such disregard for the workers, the workers in many cases attempted to find ways to better their conditions (rather than continue weathering them), which only hurt the consumer. A classic example of disregard for the workers from a boss was on the Durst Ranch in California. Ralph Durst, the ambitious boss acted as if his employees were machines and had no need to be cared for. "Living conditions on the Durst Ranch were hellish...

Since Durst has provided no garbage cans or common trash receptacles of any sort, garbage piled up throughout the encampment. Choked with garbage, two well sump-holes filled the area with stench, polluted the well water, and became the breeding ground for swarms of blue flies... The most distress, personal and environmental, was caused by the lack of toilets" (Starr 159). Although success was imminent in the American economy, social conditions were failing to say the least. "The richest one percent of the country enjoyed wealth greater than the total of the remaining 99 percent. As one historian said, 'Never before or since in American history have the rich been so rich and the poor so poor'" (Meltzer 53). The Gilded Age was named as such for a reason and it was becoming clear why.

The time around the turn of the century had given new meaning to the phrase "all that glitters is not gold. " Fueling the entrepreneurial exploitation of the lower class was the government's policy of laissez faire in dealing with business. By having a passive government, the aristocracy acted more or less as it chose, actually controlling all three branches of government. It was well known at the time that the wealthy controlled the senate. Many of the elite upper class would not even deny this accusation. .".. these men constituted a ruling clique that through the committee system of legislation controlled every bill that tried to run the gantlet of the Senate. And pressing over their activities was Vice President Levi Morton, who ranked with Belmont and Morgan as one of the greatest bankers in the land.

This august body was labeled the 'Millionaire's Club' by contemporaries" (Cochran& Miller 164). The cause of such extreme wealth had been a lack of regulation by the Federal Government. Now, however, the lack of regulation would be frozen in place because of the social status of the men in the senate, who understood the power of their position. To put it plainly, no bill would be passed by the Millionaire's Club that would in any way cripple themselves. The millionaire's did not just control the legislature, either. "Harrison's cabinet was sometimes called the 'Businessman's Cabinet' because it included the merchant John Wanamaker and the marble king of Vermont, Redfield Proctor" (Cochran& Miller 163). The executive and legislative branches were being controlled by a group that could not call themselves unbiased if forced to.

American government had become an aristocracy. One example of the manipulation of government by individual enterprise was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Sherman Anti-Trust was originally meant to restrict big businesses from merging and forming trusts. The act was also passed in order to avoid monopolies.

This act, as well as the Interstate Commerce Committee were both toothless regulatory acts which were ultimately turned on the people. The Sherman Anti-Trust was even manipulated by the legislature of millionaire's to thwart the rising union powers. "In the Danbury Hatters Case (1905), the Supreme Court also decided that a labor union could not, under the Sherman Act, initiate a 'secondary boycott'-could not boycott one business to force it to put pressure on another engaged in a labor dispute" (Burner 429). The judicial branch of the Federal Government was also manipulated by entrepreneurs and affected greatly by the laissez faire attitude. The Fuller Court was sitting in the Supreme Court at the time and essentially was used by corporations incessantly. In essence, what the court did through a smattering of decisions all favoring companies (such as Wabash vs.

Illinois and Santa Clara vs. South Pacific Railroad), was protect the companies from the rights of the state government. State government, by right should have had the power to regulate business and be generally dominant in any unfair business matters. Through these court rulings, however, the tables had completely been turned. "In Santa Clara Co. v.

Southern Pacific Railroad (1886) the court accepted the view that corporations were legal 'persons' and so, like black people protected by the Fourteenth Amendment against being deprived of property 'without due process of law'" (Burner 428). Under these rulings, only the Federal Government could regulate commerce, yet the Federal government was practicing a laissez faire attitude. The only regulations of the time were narrow and most were vague and minimally enforced. With all three branches of the Federal Government being controlled by entrepreneurs and millionaires, large corporation held all the cards. Naturally, the lower class would only take the beating of corporation for so long and eventually struck back (literally) in a flurry of strikes and labor protests that were caused by none other than the actions of the wealthy. "For years the railroads of this country have been wholly run outside the United States Constitution... They have charged what they pleased for fare and freight rates.

They have corrupted the state and city legislatures. They have corrupted Congress employing for the purpose a lobby that dispensed bribes to the amount of millions and millions... their managers have been plundering the roads and speculating on their securities to their own enrichment" (Meltzer 91). The corruption spoken about in the above Daily News article had been brewing since the beginning of the generation of such great wealth.

The exploitation of corporation would only go unnoticed for so long and finally the general public began a series of defensive str...


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Research essay sample on Sherman Anti Trust Laissez Faire

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