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Example research essay topic: Long Term Effects Rheumatoid Arthritis - 1,578 words

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Introduction There are more than 115 different types of arthritis. Some are very serious and hold the potential for severe disability and deformity, if left untreated. Others may generate only mild discomfort, which may be totally controlled with relative ease. Myths and misconceptions thrive everywhere. Despite the continued efforts of medical professionals, and The Arthritis Society, a large proportion of the population still believes that arthritis is nothing more that aches and pains, is never dangerous or fatal, is something only old people get, is caused by the weather, or is a disease for witch nothing can be done. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Arthritis is much more than aches or pains; it is a serious chronic illness, which usually lasts a lifetime and demands prompt and regular attention. Arthritis is not exclusive to the elderly; more than 30, 000 Canadian children already have some form of it, and another 1, 000, 000 with the disease between 30 and 50 years of age. Climate and weather has little, if anything, to do with the disease other than a psychological impact on the course of the disease. And, arthritis is a disease for which something can be done. Types As I have already stated, there are more than 115 different types of arthritis.

I will include the six most common forms in this report. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in Canada. This type is also referred to as 'degenerative joint disease', because it is a consequence of the wearing out of the cartilage that covers the end of bones, usually in the major weight bearing joints of the hips, knees, and spine. Joints in the fingers are occasionally involved as well. Osteoarthritis usually occurs later in life and, more often than not, affects only a few joints. It may also occur in a single joint, which has been injured or has a structural defect.

Nearly 90 percent of all Canadians over the age of 60 will have enough osteoarthritis to show in an x-ray, although the disease may not be causing them great difficulty. Some will, however, have severe problems. Rheumatoid Arthritis (This is what I have) Rheumatoid arthritis affects nearly 700, 000 people in Canada (of course only 71, 000 people under 16 in the world have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (Just my luck! ) ). If left untreated, it is the type most likely to result in disability or deformity.

This can, in most cases, be prevented. Rheumatoid disease affects more women than men, and the average age of onset is usually between 20 and 40 years old. It involves a chronic inflammation in the lining of the joints and may strike anywhere in the body, although the hands, wrists, elbows, and knees are the most commonly affected. Usually, the onset of this type of arthritis comes on slowly, although it can be much more sudden.

Treatment is usually very lengthy, and can, in majority cases, prevent disability. In some cases, it may also help to restore lost joint function. The single, most common cause of serious problems later the course of rheumatoid arthritis arises from the delay of seeing a doctor after symptoms surface. Gout and Pseudogout Gout and pseudogout are crystalline types of arthritis that result from a disorder in the body's chemistry.

They are among the most painful diseases known to mankind, and are far more common than, and are far more common than most people believe. Estimates indicate that nearly 200, 000 Canadians suffer with one or the other. Gout is the result of the body's over-production of uric acid. It sometimes also occurs because the kidneys cannot process the uric acid and pass it out in the urine in sufficient quantities. When this happens, the uric acid is deposited in a crystal form in the big toe. 80 to 90 percent of people with gout are men, and the most common age for a first attack is between the ages of 40 and 50 years old. Gout is now one type of arthritis that can be totally be controlled with medication.

Pseudogout, though similar to true gout, involves the deposit of calcium crystals in one or more joints, most often the knee, wrist, ankle, or fingers. This disease strikes men and women equally, usually in their mid- 60 s. It is rarely scene in people under 30. Pseudogout attacks are similar to those of true gout, but are generally less painful. There are no drugs as of yet that can eliminate the calcium crystals. Treatment usually consists of anti-inflammatory drugs, rest, proper exercise, and sometimes joint aspiration (the removal of the crystals directly from the site).

Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that involves inflammation outside the joint. It occurs almost exclusively in men, most commonly between the ages of 20 and 35 years old. Ankylosing spondylitis affects the backbone, or spine. It usually starts at the base of the spine, where it joins the pelvic bone. Left untreated, the inflammation can cause the vertebrae to fuse together. If this happens, even the most simple bending, twisting, and stretching would be impossible.

This disease can also affect the lungs an create heart problems. There is, however, usually very little pain and, with early diagnosis and strict attention to the prescribed exercise and treatment regimen, the prognosis is usually very good. Lupus Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is a type of arthritis that affects nine times as many women as men. It is mild in many people, but if left untreated can lead to serious problems, sometimes even death. Lupus can affect the skin, and will sometimes cause damage to nerves and the brain. It may also inflame the lining of the lungs, heart, and may even damage the kidneys.

Twenty years ago, people with lupus rarely lived past the age of 30, while now with the developments in medical sciences they are ably to live long, happy, and fulfilling lives. Other Types of Arthritis There are many other types of arthritis that are far more complex. These include juvenile arthritis (Hey, me again. I have juvenile rheumatism arthritis), scleroderma, psoriatic arthritis, and arthritis due to infection. As well, there are a number of arthritis-related conditions that involve inflammation of the supporting joint structures such as muscles.

tendons, and ligaments. These conditions include bursts, tendinitis, fibrosis, polymyostis and poly myalgia rheumatic. all these can be quite painful and be a recurring problem if they are not properly diagnosed and properly treated. Symptoms Pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, rash, joint inflammation, joint deformity, joint damage, and altered growth are probably the most common symptoms of arthritis, although the symptoms vary depending on the specific type of arthritis and the person as an individual. Short/Long Term Effects The short term affects include all of those listed above. The long term effects are that arthritis can damage the joints and slow the growth of a person.

Since Arthritis is usually something a person will have to live with all their life the long term are one in the same with the short term effects. Treatments The only real cure for arthritis is joint replacement which is becoming more common in recent times, but may not usually be performed until the patient is in there early 60 s (on average). Other treatments include physiotherapy, acupuncture, exercise, and anti-inflammatory drugs. There are many drugs that are commonly used to treat arthritis.

For the purposes of this report I will use 3 different drugs that I have / am on to show side effects. Prednisone The most common form of this drug is an oral form. Prednisone is a steroid and is mainly used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute bursitis and teno synovitis. This usually only used in more severe cases.

Side Effects: -fluid retention -muscle weakness -osteoporosis (thinning of the bones) -gastro-intestinal disturbances -stomach ulcers -vertigo -dizziness -mood changes -cataract formation -glaucoma -reduced immune system -thinning of skin -weight gain -easy bruising Naproxen Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that helps reduce swelling, pain, stiffness, and warmth. It may also reduce fever. Side Effects: -stomach pain -nausea -vomiting -diarrhea -constipation -dizziness -drowsiness -headache -blurred vision -ringing in the ears -bloody / tarry black stools -rash, hives and general itching -nose bleeds -bleeding gums -easy bruising -difficulty breathing Methotrexate Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug, most commonly used in treating cancer. It works by not allowing fast growing cells to divide. This drug, in low doses, is also used to treat some forms of sever rheumatism arthritis. Side Effects: -ulcers -leucopenia -nausea -abdominal stress -malaise -fatigue -chills -fever -dizziness -decreased resistance to infection -rashes -sensitivity to light -acne -psoriasis -bone marrow depression -anemia -gingivitis -excess bleeding -acute liver atrophy -elevation of liver enzymes -renal failure -menstrual abnormality -infertility -fetal defects -blurred vision -etc.

I will stop now for the list goes on, and on and, on. Outlook The outlook on arthritis is generally a good one. With modern technology we are getting closer to understanding Arthritis. There is still no cure for the disease but we are finding newer and better drugs (hopefully with less side effects) to better treat and control arthritis. To end my report I give a special thanks to the people at The Arthritis Society for providing me with an endless supply of information and helping so many children (including me) to come with this disease.


Free research essays on topics related to: rheumatoid arthritis, uric acid, long term effects, anti inflammatory, blurred vision

Research essay sample on Long Term Effects Rheumatoid Arthritis

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