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Example research essay topic: Big Bang Theory Existence Of God - 2,257 words

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... us as odd would evoke the thought, 'How did that get here?' You might not have a clue how it came to be, but there would probably never be a moment when you thought there should be no explanation at all. Few times do we consider the possibility that perhaps it came about all by chance, or came from nothing. As Taylor points out, the nonexistence of anything never requires a reason; but existence of something, that always requires a reason. This basic idea that to every truth there is a cause is referred to as the Principle of Sufficient Reason.

Other truths, however, are dependent on something else, and called contingent, while some things depend only on themselves, and they are called necessary. Apply this of this to the question of the existence of God and you get the Cosmological Argument: the idea that a contingent world requires the existence of God as its ultimate cause. The physical laws and initial conditions of the universe are fine-tuned to make possible the evolution of intelligent life. Everything it seems has a scientific cause, it must, says Taylor.

One would think it ludicrous to say that my left sock came to be of it's own free will, that it came from nothing. If I told you that there was a hot flash, and suddenly time and space and my left sock were created, you'd be pretty unsatisfied. So why then, is this an acceptable analogy for the universe? Surely the universe requires a First Cause. This is basically the point Taylor was trying to make when he used the example of the translucent ball in the forest; an unlikely object in an unlikely place. You would hardly question that this translucent ball (and my left sock) came to be all on it's own, that it didn't owe it's existance to anything or anyone.

You might not have any clue as to how it came about, but you would be relatively certain that there was an explanation. This illustrates what Taylor calls a metaphysical belief 'that seems to be almost a part of reason itself', the belief that the existance of anything requires an explanation, some reason why it should exist rather than not. The non-existance of something never requires an explanation, but this is not to be confused with the end of existance of something. If you looked into a bathtub and asked, 'why isn't there a toaster in there?' Unless the tub-owner has some issues, one would expect an answer like, 'why should there be?' If there did happen to be a toaster in the bathwater, and people wanted answers, it would seem unlikely that anyone would answer, 'why not?' To say that God is the first cause is to say that, in short God is the creator. In calling Him the first cause, we do not mean first in time, as in God sitting down in front of his home computer and creating time and space. To say that God is the first cause is simply calling him what Taylor calls a primary rather than a secondary cause, or 'a being upon which all other things, heaven and earth, ultimately depend for their existence. ' This piece of evidence is supposed to seal into the minds of the masses, that since the universe must have had a first cause, that first cause must have been God.

I'm not going to attempt to make or break this argument, because I think it fits into what I like to call the 'Popeye Equation. ' Meaning, it is what it is. I think it's a respectable theory in it's own right, and I'm not going to say that God wasn't the first cause of the universe; I like the idea just as much as the next guy, but I don't think that this necessarily seals the envelope. It seems to me, that if I found a pie and I couldn't figure out where it came from, I would be no closer to understanding it's origin by announcing that since every pie must have a first cause, it was made by my Mom. And in the other side of the ring, we have Morris and the Big Bang theory, which is the theory that time and space were created in a hot flash - everything was in the same spot, and just blew up.

The first evidence he presents is Earth's constant microwave radiation bath. Equally strong, day or night, from every region of the sky, the Earth is under constant and unvarying radiation. There has never been any significant disagreement among scientists as to the origin of this radiation; it is the afterglow of the big bang explosion in which the universe was born some 10 - 20 billion years ago. This is just the tip of the iceberg when talking about evidence in support of the Big Bang; in 1929 it was discovered that the universe was in a rapid state of expansion, that the galaxies are speeding away from eachother, like raisins in a rising loaf of bread, says Morris. This should not lead one to belief that the universe has boundaries like a loaf pan, the raisins of the universe could seemingly expand into the infinite. The thought of expanding raisins makes the whole thing seem sort of arbitrary, but not so; it doesn't end here.

Here is where redshifts come in. Since the longest light waves in the visible spectrum are seen by us as red, while the shortest are blue, light emitted by a source moving away from us will be seen as red. This doesn't mean that galaxies are going to appear red to the eye, but it's in this respect that redshifts can be accurately measured. By looking at these redshifts we can determine the speed of recession, and chemical composition of an object. It also happens that there are substances in the universe that could only have been generated by the big bang.

Namely, helium lithium and deuterium. Hydrogen and helium are among the most prominent and abundant elements in the universe. Everything else Morris describes as 'cosmic impurities. ' To paint a better picture, the universe is more than 25 percent helium, and a little less than 75 percent hydrogen. Helium is created in stars, and could have only existed in the one minute span after the big bang occurred, adding another piece of evidence that the bang took place. The presence of Deuterium in the universe gives us another piece. The only place that deuterium could have been created is in the big bang.

However, it hasn't been disprove that the universe is infinitely old, and in a constant bang-crunch cycle, like one of those stress relieving squishy things people have on their desks. There are things to be considered with this theory as well. First, is there enough matter in the universe? It's not hard to imagine the universe with one less star, or a box of Lucky Charms with one less marshmallow, but can either of these things exist without? The second thing to consider, is that there has to be a 'repulsive force' that decides when the universe would reverse itself, but what is it? One other thing is apparent when dealing with the crunch bang theory; if this were so, clearly the first cause argument would fail, because an infinitely old universe wouldn't need a first cause; and the theist would here fail.

With that being said, it wouldn't be complete without making clear that's absolutely crucial that Omega = 1. The mere formation of stars requires that this is so. Let us imagine a universe where Omega > 1. This would deem a subatomic pancake-like universe, it would flatten and expand to infinity. The opposite can be said in a universe where Omega < 1: this would deem a momentary universe, soon contracting and crunching into itself like a ball of tin foil. It is clear that life on this plant is owed to and absolutely dependent on Omega = 1, and the odds of this are 1 in 10 quintillion.

Coincidence? There seems to be an undeniable amount of evidence supporting the big bang theory, and the religious community has recanted with this bumper sticker: 'THE BIG BANG THEORY: God said the word, and BANG it happened. ' It seems they too can't deny the hard evidence, but refuse to be shaken by it, claiming the first cause argument; God must have created the big bang. This confirms the belief I share with Pascal, that the existence of God cannot be proven by logic alone. I will not by any means say that He does not exist, because I think Willy Wonka said it best when he said, 'We should never ever doubt what no one is sure of. ' I believe that this is the basis of faith. The basis of the Teleological argument is the question as to why so many things in our universe exhibit signs or order and design and purpose. It is not a stretch to define the universe as 'one great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines', much like an automobile.

A Teleological system can best be explained as parts designed specifically to work precisely together to achieve a certain purpose. You will be hard pressed to find a teleological system that is not the product of conscious design, and that's where the Teleological Argument takes its stand. Can we infer then, if the universe is indeed a teleological system, that it's order and design can be credited to a conscious designer? Teleological systems aren't limited to mechanical things, many exist naturally. We could successfully argue that the human body is indeed an example of a teleological system, or more specifically, many teleological systems.

The question is this than: When we examine an automobile and understand how it operates, it would be ludicrous to say that it wasn't the result of intelligent design. Why then, do we not label nature likewise? Does it not also exhibit signs of an orderly arrangement? Survival of life and organisms depend on this precise arrangement, does it not? Human beings have always been awestruck by the intricate organization of the physical world.

All these things which surround us seem to be too well arranged and perfect to be a 'mindless accident'. Davies opens the spectrum of scientific advancement, which only serves to feed our awe at the perfect and simple complexity of our universe. Davies points out that there are 'endless ways' in which this universe of ours might have turned out completely chaotic and lawless -- but the universe is highly ordered, with well defined laws of physics and cause and effect relationships. It all seems to be ordered in a pretty special complexity; but even it's complexity is organized.

It seems almost to good to be true that these complex laws should be definable by relatively simple mathematics, with seemingly 'unreasonable effectiveness. ' It seems that ours is not just any universe, but one which Davies comments, has adjusted remarkably well. The fact that nature is so happy to comply with biology's specific demands is most puzzling as well. Let's face it, life as we know it depends fully on the laws and properties of physics; the fine-tuning of the universe is even more astounding when you consider that almost every other 'tuning' would render the universe uninhabitable. These relations would make one think that the universe indeed exhibits signs of order and purpose; quite perfectly in fact.

This is the basis of the Principle of Cosmological Design; which states that the physical laws and initial conditions of the universe are fine tuned to make possible the evolution of intelligent life. There is plenty of evidence that the Earth in fact, exhibits signs of order. The seasons themselves run their course as we expect them to, we rather take them for granted. The fact that there are consistently 24 hours in a day, proves that the earth is a teleological system.

Determining that the universe is a teleological system proves to be a loftier task. It is one thing to believe the universe contains parts which are teleological systems, and another thing to believe that the universe itself is a teleological system. We have no evidence by looking only at the small fragment of our universe available to us that would show that the universe itself has a purpose, and that the parts work together to achieve that purpose. At best, we can say only that the universe contains many parts which are teleological systems.

The Teleological Argument is supposed to prove that the universe is the product of conscious design, and a conscious creator. So let us look at this conscious creator. Theism conceives of God as the 'supreme being, unsurpassed in greatness, the one in whom all perfections meet in perfect harmony', says Hudson. Basically saying, that God is omnipotent, and God is omniscient; all powerful and all knowing. We should take a moment to define exactly what and omnipotent omniscient being cannot do. The existance of an omnipotent being obviously implies monotheism, because there clearly can only be one omnipotent being, because that would mean there was something, or someone beyond His control.

We decide that an omnipotent being cannot do the logically impossible, cannot change the past, or determine future events. An omniscient being cannot know the logically impossible, know future events; and omniscient being knows everything that can be kn...


Free research essays on topics related to: time and space, big bang theory, existence of god, teleological argument, first cause

Research essay sample on Big Bang Theory Existence Of God

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