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What is one thing that stands out in most peoples' minds when they think of Hawaii? Most people would probably say the hula dance. The hula dance descended from, or can be traced to Polynesia and India. The Hula was a form of poetry for the Hawaiians in all of its sacred and ceremonial forms.
In hula dancing, the hands are very important: they tell a story. However, more important are the chants. Chanting is an extension of speaking that started as a means of communicating to the gods. The hula can be performed with or without music, but not without the chant. Bamboo sticks, drums, and gourds, are some of the instruments that are played to support the chanting.
The chants are very poetic and have many levels of meaning. They believe chanting is a very personal way of expressing feelings and thoughts on a higher level of communication. The topics of the chants may include warfare, death, sex, birth, chiefs, gods, the beauty of the island and water, or even surfing. This exotic culture was hidden from the world until 1778, when Captain James Cook and his men became the first westerners to discover the islands of Hawaii. When they arrived at Kara'i, the islanders performed the hula dance as a way of greeting the strangers.
Later in 1820, Christian missionaries from New England came to the islands, armed with the Bible and narrow-minded thoughts. They were shocked by the "heathenish" hula, and tried to abolish the dance. The missionaries eventually convinced the royalty, which had been converted to Christianity, to make the hula dance illegal. It was hard for the Hawaiians to retain their culture because the missionaries banned the Hawaiian language from the schools. However, the Hawaiians treasured their culture and dance, and did not let them die. In 1874, King David Kalakaua came to the throne.
He is credited with returning the ancient hula dance to the people. European clad, he was known as the Merrie Monarch. He dined with prominent figures including the ever-corrupt President Grant. He had mastered ancient chants taught to him by his grandmother. During his reign, he brought a lot of European style to the hula dance. He integrated hymn singing and band music into traditional hula dance forms.
The ukulele and steel guitar were also introduced. It was also during this period when the ti leaf skirt appeared as a hula dance costume. The hula dance was quieted again during the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. Although ignored for some time, the hula still survived.
It was during this time that traditional hula was split into two separate, but distinct styles. The Kahiko, or ancient hula was danced ti the beat of the page, or the drum, and the ipu, the gourd. Alan uses a piano, guitar, ukulele, and bass. Nathaniel Emerson, son of missionaries, wrote a book titled, Unwritten Literature of Hawaii, in which he described the rituals of the hula dance, hula schools, and other cultural values. After the book was published, the tourist trade boomed, the hula became part of pop culture, and began to lose its traditional form. The chants were even sung in English.
The grass skirt became cellophane. It was almost like Hawaii went to Hollywood. Stars like Elvis Presley and Shirley Temple took part in Hollywood's capitalization of the exotic atmosphere. Over time, as the world modernized, so did the hula.
To this day, conflicts continue over whether or not the hula should remain an ancient art form, or become modernized dance. There are organizations dedicated to preserving the ancient dances and chants so that the public may see them as they originally performed. From the 1970 's to this day, there has been a "Hawaiian Renaissance. " In 1971, the Merrie Monarch Festival was created and named after King David Kalakaua, who brought back the hula. This festival celebrates both ancient and modern hula. The hula was even danced at Carnegie Hall. Sonny Ching's was the first program that was pure hula.
It sold 1800 out of 2804 seats. According to Carnegie management, that was a record crowd for a concert of Hawaiian Entertainment.
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Research essay sample on King David Kalakaua Merrie Monarch Hula
