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Example research essay topic: Good Life Human Beings - 779 words

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Dworkin states that in a society, liberty and equality, the most important political ideals, often come into conflict with one another. "In these cases, good government consists in the best compromise between the competing ideals, but different politicians and citizens will make that compromise differently. " Liberals tend to favor equality more than liberty than conservatives do. But the former statement is a tricky one according to Dworkin because liberty, unlike equality, cannot be shown because we lack a concept of liberty that "is quantifiable in the way that a demonstration would require. " Because of this, it would be mistaken of us to state that conservatives favor liberty more than liberals, because conservatives will recede some liberties for some benefits, as our fundamental liberties are valued because of something else that they protect. The conservative "protects the commodity of liberty, valued for its own sake, more effectively" than the liberal. But unlike liberty, equality is a concept that can be shown, and because of this, it can be stated that conservatives do in fact favor equality less and liberals more.

Two concepts of equality must be distinguished according to Dworkin: the first is that the government should treat all its citizens, or all those that are in its charge as equals, and the second principle of equality requires that the government treat all of those in its charge equally in "the distribution of some resource of opportunity. " Liberals sense of equality will fall more into the latter idea of equality. The conservative feels that, treating citizens as equals, as the liberals see equality, would amount to treating the citizens in fact as unequal. The most efficient means of helping the least well off in fact is the free market, and not the government's redistribution of wealth. But then what does it mean for the government to treat its citizens as equals? The first "supposes that government must be neutral on what might be called the good life, " and the second one supposes "that government cannot treat its citizens as equal human beings without a theory of what human beings out to be. " The first theory states that because every citizen has a different conception of what can be called the good life, the government's decisions must be independent of any notion of what the good life is. The second theory states that the government must in fact make its decisions based upon some conception of what the good life is because in order to treat its citizens as equals, it must be able to foster or recognize the good life.

A good government according to the liberal, will be a neutral government that will allocate a rough distribution of wealth to each of its citizens so that they may determine what the good life for them may be. Within a society, where every man were equal in there upbringing, their possessions, there talents and so on, except everyman had a different conception of what the good life was, than according to Dworkin, the free market would be the best economy for everyone. Inequalities would arise only from different men's different preferences and conceptions of the good life. But in the real world, there are the handicapped, inheritance, the untalented and so on, and consequently, the market will have a catastrophic effect upon the less off in society.

The liberal will accordingly take the position of a "reluctant capitalist" as the market is better than a socialist economy that only mimics the market, but some redistribution of wealth will be needed. The liberal will also need a scheme of civil rights in a democracy, to counter weigh those decisions by the majority that would violate a minority's fundamental right. These civil rights would work "as trump cards" for any individual that may be weighed against a vast majority. Dworkin then postulates the conservatives version of society as opposed to the liberals. The conservative believes in a virtuous society that promotes these virtuous for all to follow. The market is the best economy according to the conservative because it rewards what is virtuous to the conservative: talent and industry.

The liberals believes these to be the flaws of the market as it is unfair to those who lack these "virtues. " The conservative will favor strong property rights to control those who would be envious of those with property. The conservative will also be concerned about racial discrimination, and believes in equal opportunity, but will be wholly against any special opportunity afforded to some racial group. He will favor strict control on sexual publications and practice but will favor gun ownership. Bibliography Political Philosophy Loss J.

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Research essay sample on Good Life Human Beings

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