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Example research essay topic: Renewable Energy Sources United States Department - 1,098 words

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... re known as 'wildcatters. ' A fabled technique used by the wildcatters is the 'old hat. ' They would basically toss their hat up in the air and wherever it landed, they drilled. When the wildcatters got lucky, and struck oil, it would typically gush up the drill pipe, hence, a gusher. Because gushers are a safety hazard and environmental concern, oil companies today contain them. After discovering an oil field, it is the task of the oil company's engineers and technicians to get it out. Not all oil fields turn out to be gushers and even the ones that are eventually loose pressure, leaving a lot of untapped fossil fuel resource in the reservoir.

Even with modern extraction techniques, 100 % of the oil in any given field is still not yet recoverable. One thing an oil company does to facilitate the extraction process is setting up what is known as a 'Christmas tree, ' a system of valves and pipes that regulate oil flow and pressure. Another system used in much smaller reservoirs not worth the expense of manning with technicians is the setup of a beam pump These are also known as 'nodding donkeys; ' they extract oil from small oil pools that do not contain much resource. In large oil fields, techniques such as water and gas injection are employed to maximize return of the investment. By pumping water and gas into the wells, the pressure increases allowing oil to flow upwards once more Large oil fields can be found under the sea floor as well.

To exploit these fields, vast oil drilling stations, which are marvels of modern engineering, tap into these underwater deposits and bring them to the surface. The primary refining technique used to separate hydrocarbons and provide the ingredients for modern fuels is called fractional distillation. Hydrocarbons of different size and configuration usually have differences in boiling points that are large enough to use as a method of separation. By vaporizing them, they tend to float upwards until the hydrocarbons condense, which is where they are collected. Hydrocarbons as simple as butane and alcohols with few carbons are sorted along with more complex ones such as aromatics with 9 carbons. The fuels we commonly use today are a mixture of these hydrocarbons distilled from the petroleum extracted from the earth.

Part Four - Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels + Conservation Possibilities The amount of fossil fuels the world, and America in particular uses is overwhelming, 90 % of the energy we use in this country comes from fossil fuels. The burning and combustion of these fossil fuels has a great deal of negative environmental side effects. The massive use of fossil fuels causes such things as smog, acid rain, and contributes to global warming. Furthermore, the world's supply of fossil fuels is not limitless.

Coal, oil, and natural gas heat our homes, power our cars, generate electricity, and basically run America's industries. As we begin to rely on these sources more and more, their abundance becomes less and less, and soon the world will be forced to come up with a substitute to fulfill its energy needs. Finding new reserves often means exploring and tapping environmentally sensitive areas, for example the Artic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska. This becomes extremely costly, and some argue, draws attention as well as funds away from finding alternative sources. The alternatives are, most notably, renewable energy sources. Although conservation and nuclear energy are also thought of as fossil fuel substitutes, it is sun power, wind power, and water power that gains the most support from the environmentally conscious.

Hydroelectricity accounts for nearly 4 % of the U. S. energy, with solar and wind power making up less then 1 %. Wind farms in the United Kingdom have met with some success, and advocates of these options maintain that most renewable energy sources are now capable of producing energy at rates which are competitive with other sources. Their implementation is quick and relatively easy, and as the technology is used it will be refined to become even more efficient. Best of all, renewable resources produce no air or water pollution.

Although very few actually argue against the development of these alternative energy options, many simply don't believe that the sun, wind, and rain can produce enough energy to meet our needs. The unreliability of the sun and the wind is one large reason those possibilities are questioned. Plus, there is the issue of the amount of land needed to make solar or wind power viable. Currently, the technology just isn't advanced enough to make these options viable on a large scale without covering a plot of land the size of some states. Of course hydroelectricity has been around, and been doing well for quite awhile. However, environmentalists are now beginning to notice the effect damming up rivers seems to have on the immediate surroundings.

The fish population, as well as plants and wildlife are all impacted when man steps in and alters the natural state of rivers. Part Five - Conclusion Fossil fuels are an interesting natural geologic resource that our world has become cripplingly dependant on. The formation of these fossil fuels was such a complex, long process makes fossil fuels a natural wonder. The complex methods we now use to uncover and use these valuable fuels are a marvel of modern science, and is a perfect example of how amazingly technologically advanced our world now is.

However, the most important issue related to fossil fuels in conservation, especially in America. America's need for conservation is evident. If nothing is done to reduce our use of our fossil fuels we will soon lose them completely. As dependent as America is on resources such as oil and coal it would be disastrous if these were completely lost.

Americans must realize this problem so that measures can be taken to save our precious fossil fuels. The government needs to educate the American people on this huge problem of fossil fuels and also must come up with legislature to help the conservation of them. Finding other ways of obtaining energy are also needed to conserve fossil fuels. SOURCES - 1.

Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Physical Science. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1994. 2. United States Geological Survey. Science For a Changing World. 22 -Apr- 2004 @ 14: 28. United States Geological Survey.

web 3. Montgomery, Carla, W. Environmental Geology 6 th Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2003. 4. United States Department of Energy. Office of Fossil Energy. 19 -Apr- 2004.

United States Department of Energy. web


Free research essays on topics related to: renewable energy sources, united states department, department of energy, fossil fuels, holt rinehart and winston

Research essay sample on Renewable Energy Sources United States Department

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