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Example research essay topic: U S Military Poor Education - 1,154 words

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Belize is currently an underdeveloped country underdevelopment due to the negative effects of the British colonial rule over Belize. In order to understand the causes and effects of Belize's current situation, a definition of development in necessary. The term sustainable development was introduced in a 1987 report, Our Common Future, where the World Commission on Environment and Development defined it as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Nepal 1995). Therefore, it makes sense to define a developed country as a country whose citizens needs are met. Belizean's needs are unfulfilled as evidenced by deficiencies in Belize's health and welfare, education, political dependency, economic status, and emigration patterns. Belize is a country the size of Massachusetts and is located on the Yucatan Peninsula of Central America.

It is home to over 240, 000 people of Creole, Mestizo, Garifuna and Mayan descent, and is by far the least densely populated country in the Central American realm (Famighetti 1997). The countrys Gross National Product is $ 2, 700, just $ 155 below the realms average but $ 2000 below world averages (Muller 1999). One other important fact is that 50 % of the population is rural statistic that has remained steady since 1921 (Woods 1996). These are just one of the many indicators of Belize's lack of development.

The countrys official language is English, an anomaly on the Central American mainland where all other countries are Spanish-speaking. The major economies of Belize are tourism, international banking and agriculture crops of citrus, wood and sugar. The Belizean government has taken great strides in improving the health and welfare of its citizens since independence in 1981. According to U. S. researcher Tim Merrill, life expectancy rose, and the death rate dropped considerably.

Yet, many hurdles remain before healthcare meets the comprehensive needs of the society. Merrill reports of statistics that indicate at least 40 percent of infants suffered from moderate malnutrition, while at least 61 percent of children under three suffered from some form of malnutrition. He suggests than more accurate surveying would reveal even worse malnutrition of the children in Belize. This significant problem indicates Belize's lack of development adequate nutrition is a need of any society.

The country also lacks central sewer systems in all areas except Belize City posing what Merrill calls, significant health risks (Merrill 1993). One other potential risk to the Belizean population is the growing threat of AIDS. According to Merrill, by August 1990, ninety-four Belizean's had tested positive for HIV (up from an estimated three in 1986) and twenty-four persons had dies of AIDS (Merrill 1993). While this number may not sound that significant, one must remember that Belize's total population is only 240, 000, Belize does not have the monetary resources to pay for expensive drug cocktails that are necessary for treating the disease, and that it is increasing at an alarming rate posing a significant threat to the Belizean society.

Belizean's healthcare needs are not being met which shows the social ramifications of underdevelopment. These health and welfare issues are indirect results of previous British policies legislation protecting the health of citizens was weak and poorly enforced, and poor education has caused an extreme shortage of doctors in Belize (Merrill 1993). This poor education is another aspect of Belize's underdevelopment. On the surface, Belizean educational efforts have been impressive; opportunities for all levels of schooling have greatly increased in the last thirty years. The number of schools grew enrollment rates rose, and a record number of students graduated in 1990 (Merrill 1993). However, this is only part of the picture, as enrollment rates have increased more slowly than the population growth and large numbers of children are not completing their primary education.

The U. S. Federal Research Division reports that between one-quarter and one-third of students enrolled in primary education left school before they reached fourteen (Merrill 1993). Some may argue that more education is not necessary in such an agriculturally based society, however the Federal Research Division also found that without primary school credentials, these individuals faced the continued prospect of lifelong underemployment or unemployment (Merrill 1993). From this, it becomes clear that Belize has an underdeveloped educational system, as the citizens needs are not being met in this area either. The education system is also failing when children do attend school.

Diane C. Haylock, a Belizean who holds a masters degree in developmental studies, writes, education in Belize must surely be at its lowest ebb if we are to judge by the recently released results of the national teachers exams. A less timid communications medium could very well have headlined that the education system in Belize is on the brink of collapse (Haylock 1991). The educational slump of the 1990 s is attributed to the Belizean education system implemented by the British that retains what Paulo Free refers to as the banking concept of education where teachers pour information into students only for the students to regurgitate the information back out without perceiving what the words or concepts really mean (Freire 1987). The Minister of Education in Belize also attributes the poor education to this concept (Haylock 1991).

Without critical thinking, one wonders if culture can progress. Belize's underdevelopment is also apparent in its political-economic dependency on other countries, mainly the United States. Immediately following its independence, Belize's president Pierce made an agreement between Belmopan and Washington [that] provided for the training of members of the Belizean Defense Force by U. S. military advisors in the United States, Panama and in Belize itself (Schoenhals 1988). By 1982 it had become apparent that the United States would gradually replace Great Britain as grantor of Belizean sovereignty and by 1986 U.

S. military assistance to Belize amounted to $ 1. 1 million (Schoenhals 1988). Its dependency on outside sources is also apparent in direct monetary aid provided by Reagan's Caribbean Basin Initiative which allocated Belize a $ 10 million dollar loan, of which half was for public projects, with the remainder to aid the private sector. While it may seem that Belize is benefiting from all this external aid, the US can use this aid to its own advantage as President Pierce discovered in 1982. Kai Schoenhals reports: In early 1982, the Price government reluctantly agreed to an all-out campaign to eradicate marijuana from Belize. Prices increased cooperation with the Reagan administration to be rewarded in a variety of ways.

In addition, Price was able to sign a $ 4 million agreement for housing improvement with the U. S. Agency for International Development (Schoenhals 1988). Belize's dependence on the economic aid of the United States has led to the influence of U. S. motives on Belizean policies.

This shows the lack of independence of Belize lack of independence that could lead the country into abuse similar to the British use of Belize. Donald Simmons, ...


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