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Example research essay topic: U S Embassy U S Department - 2,505 words

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... eileen potential factors. This art form is important to be aware of because many Chinese believe that following Feng Shui will help promote prosperity, good health, and good relationships. The theory behind Feng Shui cannot only be followed in people's personal lives, but in their business lives as well.

When looking at entertainment and the arts in China, there are a few to note. To date, there are many song and dance troupes, opera companies, symphony orchestras, choirs, and traditional instrument orchestras. These traditional forms of entertainment are still quite popular in Chinese culture. However, looking at the younger forms of entertainment, such as movies and "pop" music, there are some figures to be aware of. Currently, the most popular singer is Teresa Teng, whose Chinese name is Deng Li Jun. Chow Yun Fat (Zhou Run Fa) is a popular actor, and Gong Li and Joan Chen (Chen Chong) are the more popular actresses.

Jackie Chan (Cheng Long) and Bruce Lee (Li Xiao Long) are popular action movie stars. These are all important to note because using these celebrities, or their likeness, to promote a product may result in a larger demand for the product. An additional form of popular entertainment is sports. The most popular of these include soccer, basketball, and table tennis (ping pong). Turning our attention to the use of numbers, one must be aware of meanings behind certain numbers. The number eight is considered to be the luckiest in the Chinese culture.

Four is thought of as the unluckiest number because in translation, the word "four: sounds like the word "death." In addition to four, the number seven can also signify death. This is in great contrast to the American culture where seven is the luckiest number. Finally, the number one is related with loneliness. Like the meanings of colors, the significances of numbers are important to be aware of when composing an advertising campaign.

If an American company decided to market a product in China as bringing luck, it is critical that the Chinese lucky number of eight is used, not the American lucky number of seven. Instead of marketing the product as lucky, the product would symbolize sadness and suffering. One of the best known of the Chinese holidays is the Chinese New Year, also known as the Lunar New Year. The festivities for this celebration begin twenty-two days before the New Year, and continue for fifteen days after. Some key points to note for any business dealing with China is that all accounts are traditionally settled during the days before the New Year. This is done so that in the coming year one can begin with a clean, debt-free slate.

Additionally, it is expected that employers hold a banquet in order to thank their employees for their work during the past year. The official language of China is Mandarin Chinese. This developed out of various Northern dialects. Although Mandarin is widely spoken, there are two other main languages in China. Shanghainese is spoken in the Shanghai area, and Cantonese is spoken in Guangzhou, near Hong Kong, in the southern areas. Turning to the writing of these languages, Hand is used.

This is the use of Chinese characters to express words, the equivalent of our use of letters. More than 50, 000 characters exist, but only 5, 000 of these are frequently used. In comparison to the regional language use, these characters are fairly universally used in Chinese writing. It is important to note the differences among the languages, and their regional use. The language and writing will appear on packages, in instructions, and in the advertising messages. A marketer cannot assume that the same slogan can be used for a product throughout all of China, or that package instructions written in Mandarin will be understood in the southern region of China.

While Mandarin is broadly spoken, both Shanghainese and Cantonese must be considered. Marketers must look at which regional markets speak which language, or a costly blunder may be made. Looking at the population of China, it provides for a sense of nationalism and pride in the country. With more than 1. 29 billion people in China, 92 % of them belong to the Han ethnic group. The other 8 % of the population is comprised of more than fifty-five minority groups. Over 75 % of the population live in the coastal areas, near the Pacific Ocean.

The remaining, including almost all of the minority population, lives in the less densely populated Northwest and Southwest parts of China. Because such a huge majority of the people of China live in small areas on the eastern coast of the country, a sense of pride has been able to develop. This is important to be aware of because marketers can focus their attention to the twelve provinces and three special municipalities on the East coast, where the majority of the population reside. Additionally, attention can be paid to the rather homogeneous ethnic make up of those areas. When examining the business ethics and mores of the country, there are many to be aware of. First of all, it should be noted that typical business hours are Monday through Friday, 8 to 5, with a two-hour break between 12 and 2.

If business is done on Saturday, the hours are 8 to 12. During the Chinese New Year, festivities begin twenty-two days prior, and continue for fifteen days after. Businesses cannot be expected to operate during this period of celebration. When scheduling appointments, the best times of year are from April to June, and from September to October. Once an appointment is made, one must remember that the Chinese view punctuality as a virtue. Being late for appointments is viewed as a serious insult in the Chinese business culture, and arriving after the ten-minute grace period is an offense.

Once the meeting is taking place, there are some more Chinese norms to be remembered. When entering the meeting, members of the company should enter in order of seniority, and the senior most members should present information. Along with the idea of seniority, the most senior member of the Chinese company should be acknowledged first. When addressing your Chinese business associates, most people should be addressed with their professional title, and their last name.

If there is no professional title, or it is unknown, "Mr. ", "Miss", or "Madam" may be used with the last name. Chinese names do appear in a different order than Western names, and this should be paid close attention to. The last name, or family name, appears first. This is followed by a generational name, and then the first name. Some Chinese do adopt an English first name to make it easier for them in business dealings with Westerners. Negotiating with the Chinese is also different than negotiating in America.

Negative replies are considered impolite, so a straight out "no" may never be heard. Additionally, negotiations take a much longer time in the Chinese culture. More people must approve of business agreements, and even once a contract is signed, the Chinese may continue to try and negotiate. Legal Environment: Control Being a communist government, China, as the host government for foreign businesses, definitely has the control. Your business is under their rule. You still own your own product, but the Chinese government reserves the right to force your company's exit from the Chinese market.

They promise reimbursement, but the Chinese government is known not to provide much reimbursement in such cases in the past ("Disputes with Chinese Companies or Individuals"). The Protection of Intellectual Property "Losses to international businesses through Intellectual Property piracy in China are said to amount to $ 1. 42 billion a year. The true depth of the problem is hard to fathom though all experts agree it is growing. Brand owners claim that China is the global capital of Intellectual Property piracy.

Some estimate that counterfeiting accounts for as much as 8 % of China's GDP" ("The China Business Collection: Intellectual Property Protection in China"). Even considering these numbers, China has explicit laws for the protection of intellectual property, similar to the laws of the U. S. You are required to register trademarks, patents, and even copyrights.

China follows a strict first-to-file rule, concerning these things. Once registered, your ideas are protected under Chinese law. China also happens to be a member of The International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property, which protects Intellectual Property for a multitude of nations ("Selected laws of the People's Republic of China"). It is amazing to think that even though your intellectual property is protected under a multitude of laws, that it is still very easy to steal someone's intellectual property. When conducting business in China, one should take extra care when protecting intellectual property. Constantly monitor the market, and take every effort to spot stolen intellectual property.

Competition Chinese law encourages fair competition in the same ways that U. S. law in many ways does. It protects against unfair competition imposed by businesses with monopoly status. The Chinese government cannot force a company to split up because of its monopoly status but it can force them to lower prices to stimulate competitors to act. Bribery is also illegal in China, and is punishable by law.

You are also not allowed to sell any items at less than its cost, as to push away competition. However, you are allowed to have seasonal sales, and you are also allowed to sell a commodity at a reduced cost to clear your debt. Finally, a business is not allowed to add tie-ins, or conditions to a sale, against the will of the purchaser ("Selected laws of the People's Republic of China"). Even though the government cannot legally force a monopoly to split up in China, monopolies rarely exist because of the illegality of selling at lower than cost. Therefore, barriers to entry into many different areas of business are relatively low.

This is what makes the Chinese market so favorable a place to enter. Product Quality The government in China controls product quality, similarly to how the U. S. does. Examples of some of these similar requirements are as follows: 1. Products shall be free from danger; 2.

Possess only the properties and functions they ought to possess; 3. Conform to the product standards marked on the package, and to the state of quality indicated by the product's directions or markings. In addition, all marks on the products shall meet the following requirements: 1. Have certification showing that the product has passed inspection; 2.

Have name of the product, name and address of the factory that produced the product, all being marked in Chinese 3. Have warning marks or warning statements for products which, if improperly used, may cause damage to the products per se or may endanger the safety of human life or property ("Selected laws of the People's Republic of China"). When entering the Chinese market, concerning product quality, if one obeys the laws that they are used to from doing business in the U. S. , no problems should arise legally. Advertising There are a few restrictions that an organization should keep in mind while advertising. These include that you cannot use the national flag or the national anthem in your advertisement.

Also, you cannot use the words, highest grade, or the best in your advertisement. You also cannot have information suggesting pornography, superstition, terror, violence or hideousness in your advertisement. The ad cannot carry information of ethnic, racial, religious or sexual discrimination. An advertisement shall not belittle commodities of other producers and dealers or services of other providers. It is also prohibited to publish advertisements for tobacco through broadcasting, motion pictures, TV programs, newspapers or periodicals ("Selected laws of the People's Republic of China").

These advertising restrictions can have many implications for some types of businesses entering the Chinese market. Especially if you are a tobacco company or a pornography business, these laws will affect you substantially. Also, the fact that you cannot use the words "best, " or "highest grade, " puffery is pretty much out of the question for your advertising campaigns. Therefore, the ways in which many companies would go about advertising in China is very different than a company operating in the U. S. would go about it.

Legal Disputes As far as legal disputes are concerned, the Chinese government handles civil disputes in the exact fashion that the U. S. does. The parties in dispute may handle the matter at first through placation. If this does not suffice to either party, they may apply for arbitration, through a government run organization called the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC).

If arbitration fails, or either party does not agree to it, the dispute would be settled through normal litigation procedures. A business can file a suit in either basic-level or intermediate courts, depending on the dispute. However, most observers remark that Chinese courts are not up to international standards. Most judges do not even have any legal training whatsoever, so dispute resolution is recommended to take place either in the form of placation or arbitration ("Disputes with Chinese Companies or Individuals"). Therefore, as a result, many companies operating in China will try and keep disputes to a minimum. This is exactly what any company entering the Chinese market should focus on.

By keeping disputes to a minimum, your company's success in the Chinese market is that much more probable. Bibliography "Agriculture" Index-China. com. Hosted by Trader Technical Corporation 2000. 21 Mar. 2002 web "Background Notes: China. " U.

S. Department of State. Nov. 2000. web notes / china 0011 bgn. html Banking Reform: From Administrative Control To A Regulatory Framework. Modified 22 Jan. 2002.

web Barclay, Reg. "China's Market Potential is Tantalizing. " Logging and Sawmilling Journal. 1996. web Base, Geremie R. In The Red. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. "Beijing Environment, Science and Technology Update: Foreign-Funding R & D on the Rise in Beijing City. " U. S. Embassy Beijing. 1 Mar. 2002.

web "China and Hong Kong: One Country Two Markets. " FAS online. 13 Dec. 1999. "China" CIA World Factbook. 2000. 19 Mar. 2002 web "China Country Analysis Brief. " Energy Information Administration. April 2001. web "China: Economic Trends and Outlook. " U. S.

Department of Commerce-National Trade Data Bank. 3 Sept. 1999. web "China Issues Communique on Major Figures of Population. " web China Online. 28 Feb. 2002 web China Site. com. 12 Mar. 2002 web China Today. 23 Mar. 2002 web "China's Economy in 1995 - 97. " CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 1997. web economy "China's Top Worries: Lagging Political Reform, corruption, Environment. " U. S.

Embassy Beijing. May 2000. web Dipchand, Cecil R. , Ma Mingjia, and Zhang Yichun. The Chinese Financial System.

Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994. "Disputes With Chinese companies of Individuals. " Dispute Avoidance and Dispute Resolution in China. April 2001. 13 Mar. 2002 web Executive Planet. 17 Mar. 2002 web Gabriel, Satya J. "Fiscal and Monetary Policy


Free research essays on topics related to: feng shui, people republic of china, chinese new year, u s embassy, u s department

Research essay sample on U S Embassy U S Department

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