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Example research essay topic: One Child Policy Feng Shui - 2,517 words

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... economy and development of the country. The government is divided into three branches; the executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch consists of the president and other head of government that are elected by the National People's Congress every five years. The Legislative Branch is a unicameral branch that makes up the National People's Congress. Unlike the U.

S. government that is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate, there is only one governing body in China. The members of this Congress also serve for five years. The Judicial Branch consists of a three level court hierarchy system in China.

The Supreme People's Court is the highest court in China, followed by Local Peoples Courts, and Special People's Courts. The party members that can be elected into these positions can stem from the CCP or the other eight registered parties that are controlled by the CCP. Any parties in opposition to the Communist Party are unable to exist based on the law of the Constitution. The system is dominated by the authoritarian style of government run by the Communist Party. In spite of this, as public opinion continues to be fashioned more leaders are finding it necessary to build consensus among the public before being able to implement new policies. In light of the success that China is enjoying in the urban areas, the party works to maintain control over any organization that has the potential to challenge the authority of the CCP.

The conflict between the government and the changing opinion of many people could create an unstable government in which the outcome is unknown. As of now, the government has allowed foreign companies a great deal of autonomy in order to rouse economic growth. These foreign companies are being treated better than many of the privately owned firms, which are finding it difficult to invest in spite of their successes. The government encourages the Chinese people to work for foreign companies, which places many of the Chinese firms both state-owned and privately owned at a severe disadvantage.

The reasons behind this concept is most likely due to the fact that it is necessary to educate the Chinese in big business if it wishes to sustain growth in the economy. Nevertheless, it is clear that foreign presence is both welcomed and feared. This assumption is based on the fact that the Communist government does not accept being challenged, and yet the influence of foreign democratic businesses has swayed certain public opinion to entertain ideas of democracy. This must be a thorn in the side of the government officials that are enjoying the economic success that foreign involvement has issued and yet the conflicting ideals that come with the businesses. Therefore, while these changes are occurring within China's walls, it is necessary to view the risks associated with doing business there. The amount of power the government has over businesses can be a threat to any private or foreign owned firm.

The Constitution confirms the idea that socialism cannot be compromised by any standard and yet the pursuit of increased democracy is necessary as well. A quote from the document reads: "the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and follow the socialist road, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy." This quote is confusing in the apparent contradiction in the last statement. China will never be able to fully obtain its full potential if this amount of confusion exists. Also businesses should be aware that, despite the increased movement for democracy the Chinese Constitution is strictly against this movement and officials in the future might wish to defend their authority with methods consistent with socialism.

The potential threat of the government obtaining control over all businesses should be measured before undergoing any business investments in China. The corruption of Chinese officials has been a well-known fact among the public. President Jiang administered a speech where he actually condemned many officials for being overtaken with greed and taking state property as their own. In addition, China's auditor general discovered that billions of dollars were misspent and embezzled in 1998. China may be a prime example of the proverb that power corrupts.

In a socialist society, the totalitarian leader has all authority and will protect this authority with great lengths. In light of the knowledge of government corruption, many continue their support of the regime because the lack of any other better alternative. It is important to understand the authorities that businesses are dealing with when getting involved in an unknown country. The authorities are known for their corruption and therefore careful consideration must be taken before working with them. China's intervention on foreign business has been less than mild. The economic success in China, largely due to foreign investment and businesses, has been welcomed and therefore the economy is becoming increasingly market-oriented.

Some political intervention in foreign businesses may come in the form of domestication of foreign owned businesses. This would be logical, based on the large unemployed population and the need for education in business among the Chinese people. The government has large number of state-owned enterprises that they control and often gain favor as far as investment opportunity in comparison to private owned firms, however the foreign firms are not affected as much by the State-Owned businesses. Businesses continue to weigh the risks and opportunities that make up China and will result in increased investment as long as the freedom from government exists as it does. Import restrictions and compliance with trade agreements have often been a persistent problem with China. China's lack of resources and corruption of officials can often make it difficult to gain control and enforce trade regulations (web 1 18).

The hope that China will adhere to the WTO agreements is a concern on the minds of many. Due to their lack of compliance in the past, many people are worried that China may not comply with WTO agreements and "undermine the WTO as a multilateral institution and international support for free trade" that would result in the WTO's inability to act efficiently and adequately to the complaints that countries have on trade issues with China. However, many view the accession as a positive event that will result in long-term economic advancement and growth (web 1 18). The instability of China increases the need for risk assessment. In order to assess the risk, research must be completed to develop a credible forecast.

China has a tremendous amount of potential based on the performance of the economy, however, where opportunity exists, risks are most certainly inevitable. Foreign businesses may choose any method that would best identify the risks concerning their firm. The Coplin-O'Leary System seeks to quantify information to establish a rating system to forecast potential problems that may exist. The system takes into account future events that could impact the economy and projects both short-run (18 months) and long-term (5 years) possibilities that could affect international businesses.

The changes that persist in China make forecasting difficult. In light of this, the System has acknowledged several key events and projected estimations on the type of government that will exist, risk of business, and economic forecasts. China is undergoing many changes that pose a threat to the government itself. Democracy is increasing in popularity as socialist leaders seek to maintain control of opposition groups. The Coplin-O'Leary System projected that there is a 55 percent probability that the government will remain the same in the next 5 years. This prediction exemplifies the instability of China's governmental body.

This could be good news for those wishing for a democratic movement in China. There are several challenges that the socialist government will encounter concerning their control in the future. For example, the president is expected to retire in 2002, which could result in major changes that often occur when a major leader leaves an unstable government. Furthermore, China's WTO membership transfers more control to the market system and less to the Communist governing officials.

Identifying these policy changes and problems that could be confronted because of the changes are critical in appropriately assessing risk of a changing government. In a matter of five years changes in foreign businesses are quite possible. The Coplin-O'Leary System projected that there is a considerably high risk of violence. This violence may include issues of riots, terrorism, guerrilla warfare, civil war, and like events. It may stem in part because of the changes in government but also the amount of unemployment that must be managed as businesses try to run more efficiently.

Terrorism becomes a real threat to foreign businesses involved in China, especially if these businesses are thought to have brought about the turmoil. It has also been assessed that increased barriers may result in blockage or slowing of direct investment. Funds transfers are projected to improve but still result in delays, which affect investment and growth. In spite of these adjustments, from 2003 - 2007 the economy is still expected to grow on an average of 7. 7 percent. This influences business involvement because where there is economic growth there is opportunity for capital gains. A foreign firm must make an assumption of risks before it begins to operate in China.

The business must be aware of the constraints that may be placed on the firm upon its arrival or potential outcomes that may result from changes that the country is undergoing. More and more businesses are choosing to invest in China's markets as opportunities for their business exceed the risks. Cultural Environment: Another key environmental factor is the culture of China. In examining this aspect, we must turn our attention to the various elements of culture. The Chinese material culture relates closely to the economic environment of the country. With the country in the take-off stage of economic development, and continuously improving the technologies available, it is clear that China will continue to develop as a materialistic culture.

What this will mean to consumers is the constant improvement of products, their designs, functions, and production techniques. One of the most well known aspects of the Chinese social organization is the one child policy, as mentioned before. Because of the huge population of China, and the limited livable land area, this policy was created as a serious effort and major factor in the goal of lowering the population growth rates. Implemented in 1979, the policy required that 95 % of urban married couples, and 90 % of rural couples sign certificates stating that they will only have one child. While this may seem like an alien idea to agree to, both material and non-material incentives and disincentives are tied into this agreement. Some incentives include receiving income, housing, healthcare, employment, pension, and educational benefits for both the couples and their child.

This one child policy is important for marketers to note because it affects the way that the family structure is viewed. For example, showing a food product being consumed by a large family with multiple children will be viewed as a foreign product to the Chinese consumers. The Chinese Constitution provides for the protection of the freedom to believe or not believe in any religion. This has allowed three main religions, or philosophies, to blossom; Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. All three have the common goal of inner peace and happiness.

Along with these native religions, the Muslim religion and Western religions have made a small resurgence. With the introduction of the open-door policy, religions such as Catholicism and Protestantism have gained recognition. Buddhism is a religion of wisdom and disciplinary meditational practices, encouraging its followers to question the world and its teachings. Along with questioning the world, followers are taught to view both life and the world realistically. This 2, 500 year-old religion, based on the teachings of Buddha, demands discipline, determination, and self-effort of its followers.

Through the practice of Buddhism, followers believe they will attain happiness, wisdom, and purification of the mind. The teachings of Confucius have developed into Confucianism, the most influential school of thought in China. Not only has this religion shaped the Chinese attitude toward life, but Confucianism has also provided background for political theories, and set standards of living and social value. Human beings' individual achievements and interests are the main concern here, not the abstract being or questions of theology as in Buddhism. However, in accordance with the teachings of Buddha, the ultimate goal in Confucianism is individual happiness. Taoism, the second most influential religion in China, dates back to the fourth century, BC.

The philosophy behind Taoism is that the individual should not seek to conform with society, but to the Tao ("way") of the universe. One should do nothing strained or unnatural, but instead comply with the impulses of one's own nature. By uniting with the Tao of the universe, followers will find happiness and inner peace. It is imperative that marketers have some basic understanding of these three philosophical religions. Because these schools of thought have been in existence in China for thousands of years, they are ingrained in the Chinese culture. The religions affect the viewpoints of followers on kinds of topics, including opinions formed about products.

Three colors are central to the Chinese culture: red, black, and white. Red symbolizes the positive aspects of life such as happiness, wealth, and fame. For these reasons, the color red is always associated with good luck and fortune. Today, the color gold can also be used to signify much the same as red, especially prosperity. Black is the color of sin, evil, sadness, suffering, and disasters. Signifying bad fortune, black is not used in home decoration, nor worn during festivals and celebrations.

While the stigma that is associated with black is known and followed, its significance appears to be fading. This can be seen in the younger Chinese generations' tendency to wear black as a usual element of their ensemble. Purity, honesty, and life can be found in the color white. However, it should also be known that white is used at funerals because it is believed to harmonize all elements.

Clearly, it is necessary to be aware of and utilize these color meanings in marketing strategies. For example, an airline would never purposely use black as a central color in an advertising campaign, for this would lead people to associate disaster and bad fortune with that airline. One important ancient art form that must be discussed is the art of Feng Shui. First developed over 6, 000 years ago, this art is related to the law and order of the universe, and the power of nature. This art is based on various elements concerning astronomy, astrology, intuition, geology, mathematics, philosophy, physics, and psychology.

The major concept behind Feng Shui is balance. This balance must be achieved between the elements of a person's environment, and work with the interaction b...


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Research essay sample on One Child Policy Feng Shui

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