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Example research essay topic: Social And Environmental Indigenous Peoples - 1,158 words

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... Last, and Korea of Siberia. The art and culture of these peoples is remarkable and is characterized by resourcefulness, adaptability, and innovation. The chief groups are now the Lapps of Europe; the Samoyedes (Nentsy) of W. Russia; the Yakuts, Tungus, Yukaghirs, and Chukchis of E. Russia; and the Eskimo of North America.

There is a sizable Caucasian population in Siberia, and the people of Iceland are nearly all Caucasian. In Greenland, there is a mixture of Eskimos and northern Europeans, predominate. The indigenous peoples of the Arctic have their own distinctive cultures, economies and forms of social organizations, but they have a special relationship to the Arctic environment and to the animals they depend upon which is essential for their economic survival. The arctic peoples, once totally nomadic, are now largely sedentary or semi nomadic. The indigenous people do hunting, fishing, reindeer herding, and indigenous arts and crafts. The arctic peoples are slowly adapting to the society of the country in which they are surrounded by.

With the Arctic's increased economic and political role in world affairs, the regions have experienced an overwhelming flood of personnel charged with building and maintaining such things as roads, mineral extraction sites, weather stations, and military installations. There are not many large cities located in the Arctic areas of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, the largest cities in the Arctic barely has a population of 10, 000. The Arctic regions of Scandinavia and Russia contain several communities of large size, such as Murmansk and North " sk, in Russia, and Terms, in Norway. Reykjavik in Iceland is an important urban center.

In 1999 Canada had a major political change with the creation of the 2. 2 million sq km territory of Nunavut, which was carved off the Northwest Territories, leaving the latter with 1. 17 million sq km in the western Canada Arctic. Impact of Human Activity Tourism vs. Conservation. In the battle between tourism and conservation, tourism seems to always win. Tourism in the arctic is a fast growing industry and increasing numbers of tourist regard indigenous cultures as the main attraction in visiting the Arctic, after wildlife and scenery.

The problem is the possible social and environmental impact that may result for tourism development in the arctic. The problems are that tourism can scare animals that live in the arctic and can ruin the extremely sensitive vegetation there caused by footsteps. The Artic tourism has had little effect (compared to other human activity) on the environment. The scenery and wild life of the Artic are seen as so special that people pay thousands of dollars for a little look at the arctic People believe Artic tourism will cause harm to the environment as it develops. If it is not managed properly people will destroy what they have come to see. Tourism will always clash with conservation and it is many peoples opinion that tourism should be stopped in the Artic altogether, but if there is money to be made someone will be there to provide the service.

Pollution of the Artic Transboundry pollution and bioaccumulation cause most of the pollution in the Arctic. Transboundry pollution is when pollution comes from other countries. The ocean currents and wind conditions bring in large amounts of pollution being deposited in the Artic. When the sun arises during the winter a low thick blanket of haze can be seen over the Artic. Bioaccumulation is the process where pollutants build up in the Artic because the weather is too cold to break it down.

Harsh chemicals find their way into the food chain, and will be trapped in the animals and sediments. Acid rain is the result of increased pollutants in the atmosphere. Sulphur and Nitrogen dioxides flow from developed countries and when they mix with water in the atmosphere they produce acid rain as strong as lemon juice. The acid snow melts in summer and spring producing an acid shock that can kill animals and plants alike. In 1986 the nuclear reactor in Chernobyl exploded sending a nuclear cloud into the atmosphere that among other places contaminated plants and animals in the Artic region. The most affected were lichens; lichens are a plant that makes up the majority of a reindeer's diet.

When the reindeer's ate the lichens they became radioactive and many thousands had to be shot. Interconnections There are three different aspects to the arctic environment: the physical environment, the economic environment and human impacts. These three components are linked together and as a result, affect each other. The major physical component is the large quantity of snow and ice for most of the year. For the people and animals that live in the arctic, the ice conditions have an enormous impact on biological activity, accessibility, and lifestyle. As the native peoples are incorporated into modern society, for the sake of their economic and cultural survival they will continue to use the natural resources, but as they are being more and more attached to the global economy, the global processes impact them.

Industrial development like oil and gas exploitation, environmental problem, social change, immigration and tourism all threaten the traditional lands, livelihoods and cultures. The Arctic environment is connected with global climate and sea level. Global warming will have a great impact on the Arctic environment and on the lives of indigenous peoples. The amount of sea ice will be reduced, fish stocks will fluctuate, and permafrost will thaw more quickly in spring, but take longer to refreeze in autumn. Climate changes are can interfere the animal migration routes, which will impact upon the hunting, trapping and fishing economies of many small, arctic settlements. Tourism cause social and environmental impact.

Footsteps and automobile tracks can cause prints to persist in the ground for many years, which disruption of vegetative cover, and causes permafrost to melt, causing collapse of ground and loss of soil. The tundra wildlife is helpless to habitat destruction, to over hunting, and to extinction through loss of any of the animal or plant species that make up Arctic community of life. But for indigenous people, tourism in the Arctic offers economic opportunities and if it is developed and managed properly it can contribute to the community. This sparsely populated has been an unlimited resource open for exploitation as well as for the dumping of waste. Humans have lived in the Arctic areas since the end of the last Ice Age, but the population has always been low. The human influence used to be limited to local fishing, hunting and gathering, simple agriculture, and pastoralism-widespread but not extensively damaging the area.

The more activities in the region include exploiting ocean fisheries, the forest industry, mining, metallurgic industry, petroleum exploration, tourism, and military activity. The changing life-styles of the indigenous people, infrastructure development, urbanization, and local waste problems are creating additional pressures. These human activities, together with long-range transported pollutants, threaten many of the natural species and habitats and the Arctic.


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Research essay sample on Social And Environmental Indigenous Peoples

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