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Example research essay topic: Existence Of God Teleological Argument - 1,002 words

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... if the watch sometimes went astray or was seldom right. The purpose of the machine would still be evident, and that it is not relevant for the machine to be perfect to prove that it has a creator. He concludes the watch analogy with the assumption, that no intelligent person would assume that the pieces of the watch were just a random combination of nature.

The next concept Paley addresses is the idea of the watch being able to reproduce itself. Just because it can do this does not eliminate the fact that there must be a designer to establish the first in the line. We know that the watch has a designer because it demonstrates an end, a sort of purpose. Therefore there must be some artificer who understood its mechanism and designed its use. Paley in his final analysis compares the complexities of the human body to the watch to demonstrate that they both have a creator. The first disagreement against the Teleological Argument comes to us from David Hume, who actually lived 100 years before William Paley.

Hume looked at the idea that the universe is completely like the human designed objects being utilized in this type of argument. He concluded that although they both may share some similar features the two are ultimately different. Second, Hume indicates that we need to compare this universe to another to see if it was created. The last argument denotes that an effect must be proportionate to its cause, and since the universe is imperfect with evil and suffering, then its creator also must be imperfect. We will now examine Clarence Darrow objection to the Teleological Argument. He starts by claiming that what the hypothetical man would observe and conclude by finding the watch depends on the man.

Men who would believe that the watch shows a design or purpose would reach this conclusion because they are familiar with tools and their use to man. While one must wonder if a bushman or even a wolf happened onto the watch would they derive the same conclusion? The obvious answer would be no, because they are not able to draw an interference between the object and its meaning. This unfamiliarly of the object would lead to confusion and can cause the bushman or wolf to assume the watch has a different purpose. Before I present the rebuttal for the argument, I must first bring you up to date with the argument. Paley's interpretation of the Teleological Argument withstood all criticisms until Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species.

Darwin showed that ordered exhibited in nature is the result of an evolutionary process. This theory now refuted the claim that only a divine intelligence is a sufficient explanation for order found in nature. This discovery caused defenders of the Teleological argument to reform their argument focusing now on probability. They claim that the evolutionary explanation of mans existence rests mainly upon chance.

They point to the tremendous odds against the complexity of life evolving by chance. An example of life on this planet evolving to its present form by chance is like the possibility of a tornado picking up all the scattered pieces of a 747 and putting it together. With this in mind they claim that if your choice was between chance and an intelligent designer, and the odds are against chance and in favor for a maker, whom would you pick? Richard Dawkin claims that the critics of evolution have misunderstood the concept. Life, he states, did not evolve by chance but rather through a nonrandom process he calls cumulative selection. The critics of evolution are viewing it as a single step process that sorts and filters items only once.

Cumulative repeatedly does this sorting, thus passing some of the first results to the second, and so on. He goes on to explain that an automated process that produces order can be found. He points to the ocean, were the pebbles on the beach are ordered, arranged, and sorted. This arrangement has been done by the blind forces of physics, which, as Dawkin puts it, has no mind of its own. The waves simply throw the pebbles around, and they become sorted by there own weight.

He goes on to critique the concept of guided evolution. This is the idea that God had some sort of supervisory role over the course evolution has taken. While we cannot disprove this idea, its reasoning implies that God must have taken care to masquerade his interventions so that they would always match we what would expect from evolution. One must keep this in mind, to assume guided evolution is to assume the existence of the main thing we want to explain, namely organized complexity. It simply postulates an already existing being of prodigious intelligence and complexity. Cosmological Argument The next argument is probably the most debated of all the ones we will be examining.

The Cosmological argument reasons from the existence of the universe to the existence of God as its cause, creator, or explanation. While there are numerous variations on the argument, Saint Thomas Aquinas is the most used. While his whole argument consisted of 5 proofs, only two of these are really relevant today. The first one is the causal or efficient cause. He starts by saying we find that things around us come into being as the result of activity of other things. These causes are in fact the result of yet other activities.

Yet this causal series cannot go back to infinity, hence there must be a first member. This first member is not caused by any preceding member, and hence labeled God. What frequently gets pointed out about the causal premise is that even if it were valid it would not establish the existence of God. It does not show that the first cause is all-powerful or good. Defenders of the cosmological point out that the argument is not meant to prove Gods existence, and that supplementary arguments are...


Free research essays on topics related to: teleological argument, evolution, cosmological argument, existence of god, teleological

Research essay sample on Existence Of God Teleological Argument

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