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Considering the traditional role of women, going back to the Vedic Age, it is seen that the Rig Vedic Age women were the copartners in life and in pleasure and hazards. The position of women was high. In the later Vedic Ages however the position of women deteriorated. They became minimally the vehicles of bearing sons and had to obey her authoritarian and dominating husband, regard him as her master and serve him faithfully. According to Srinivas, the traditional role of a Hindu wife was precisely laid down in the Hindu Literature. So she had to adhere to the set pattern laid down.
Indian society is still characterized by its ancient societal norms and values but yet amongst it, the status and role of women have witnessed rapid changes in recent years. The thoroughly domesticated women who could not think beyond the welfare of their families have now awakened to action. They have a fierce desire to succeed, which is the awakening of their dormant individuality. Women do have the required talent to occupy predominant positions in enterprises. Latent energy lying wide among our women population must be unleashed to enable them to participate and contribute their due share to National Growth and prosperity. Women entrepreneurs in India represent a group of women who have broken away from the beaten track and are exploring new vistas of economic participation.
Their task has been full of challenges and yet they have steered clear of prejudice, oppositions and constraints and have established themselves as successful entrepreneurs. These pace and trend setters for womans economic emancipation have shown courage, tenacity, resolution, far sightedness and vision in handling business ventures independently. By enabling woman to become entrepreneurs and participate fully and more effectively in a wider range of economic and especially industrial activities, it is possible not only to improve their position in society, but also to make greater progress towards overall economic and social development, objectives such as increased economic growth, improved productivity, improved distribution of income, reduction in poverty and above all, reduction in unemployment. Entrepreneurship does not distinguish between man and woman. It calls for an attitude of mind and suitable motivation duly supported by congenial external conditions. When these are present then there emerge the central qualities of risk taking and decision making which constitute the basis of entrepreneurship.
The ICWE research studies and analysis reveals that there is present enormous entrepreneurial qualities and intense desire in our women-it merely remains dormant and needs to be nurtured and developed. The only dimension of change is the human facet. Instead of the man, it is the woman who should be taught how to trounce attitudinal, environmental, institutional and financial constraints with resilience and proficiency. Specialized training and special effects should be made to adjust the imparting of management training to women, taking into account their emotional and biological constitution and dual responsibility of managing the home and the enterprise.
There is a realization that full involvement of women in industrial development would ensure effective utilization of all available labor and improve quality of life. The issue of women in the industrialization process has been given emphasis only in the last decade when through the Declaration of Mexico in July 1975, the equality of womanhood and their contribution to individual development came into focus. The New Delhi Declaration and Plan of Action adopted in 1980, emphasized the necessity to enlarge and strengthen the long term programs of cooperation between developing countries to improve and co-ordinate existing national facilities available for training and stressed the importance of full involvement of population, especially women and the youth and reaffirmed the need for upgrading of skills and development of human resources with due attention to the integration of youth and women in the process of development. By providing a package of services, such as training, credit, marketing and general guidance for those who desired to launch self-employment ventures encouraged self-employment. Requisite information and amenities were provided with the One Window approach. Of late, a number of organized attempts have been made to help groom women as potential entrepreneurs.
They have long stories of trials and hardships and their tasks are full of challenges. They have to encounter public prejudices and disparagement's, family antagonism and social constraints. In many cases before they could establish themselves as independent entrepreneurs, they had to struggle a lot. Indian society is a developing society. It is passing through a transitional stage. The attitude of women is not so rigidly unfavorable as it was in the past.
Before independence women were engaged mostly in agriculture, household duties or at the most in families trade activities. The social constraints and attitudes that inhibit the development of women entrepreneurs, the atmosphere in which they work and the attitude of the society, all together were keeping them away from the active work of the entrepreneurship. The year 1975 was declared International Year for Women. During the decade several governmental and voluntary agencies carried out symposia, conferences and workshops to highlight the importance of entrepreneurship for women. Conservatives idealize the home and view the participation of women in working life as digression from the traditional pattern. Now according to modern ideology, great emphasis is given on the division of work within and without the home.
As production has shifted outside the home, women have less work at home. So they can work outside for gainful employment. The process of industrialization, urbanization and secularization has brought about socio-psychological changes in attitudes and values of people. In some way the attitude of educated women have also changed.
More and more women consider self-respect and development of personality as necessary goals of life. The views about husband and wife relationship and their expectations and demands out of matrimony have changed. Women put more prominence on their privileges than on their obligations. This indicates the change, which has taken place. Therefore women entrepreneurs are successful in both their roles, at home and in their work places, keeping a balance and organization between the two. Their life has become disciplined and they follow a synchronized path.
They have made a great level of accommodation and adjustment between the two roles of a woman. Women today are very much capable of running an enterprise, regardless of all the hassles in life. They are equally talented as men and are satisfied and successful with their lifestyle. Entrepreneurship today does not distinguish between men and women. It calls for a stance of mind and suitable motivation, duly supported by congenial external conditions. posted by Miss poultry Chakraborty, India
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