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The men, who made the enlightenment happen, questioned the morals of the society they were in. The men in the concept of Truth and modern thought questioned the basics they were taught. Men from the Modern thought era, would have probably not been able to pioneer without the men from the enlightenment, but used their theories, as a playground for the ideas of the Modern Thought Era, and changed every law known to man. Philosophers such as Locke and Voltaire had the same exact same ideas as some modern thinkers, except that they applied them to society. Voltaire for example criticized the church, and the old regime. Friedrich Nietzsche also believed in how many problems there were in any structured conventionally.
The only difference that they had, is that Voltaire believed in a constitutional monarchy. The times were also changing then, the government's were becoming more and more liberal, while in Nietzsche's time, and the government was still liberal and not developing much. Voltaire called the church, "The Infamous Thing", while Nietzsche said "God Is dead", showing how much each hated the church. Nietzsche was a bit more explicit in his work, covering many topics, while Voltaire basically wrote, and or fought against the church, and for the English government, as well as Aristocracy of Talent. A philosophe that Nietzsche would not like especially would be Cesare Beccaria, because he set more standards in the Police "system", but tried to make the church step down from the police judgment affairs.
Someone who would get along with Cesare Beccaria, even though he radicalized a different subject, would have been Charles Darwin. He also believed that the church should step down, but step down from the theory of evolution. Darwin said that "man and ape evolved from the same common ancestor" meaning that God had no hand in the development of man. While Beccaria, stated "Much of current punishment is based on original sin, and that sin would be dealt with in the afterlife, so the criminals should only serve the half of the punishment on Earth. Darwin believed that God made man into man, was a man made taboo, just like Beccaria believed that the crime equaled the absence of law which equaled a social construct. While the only way Darwin affected society, besides the shock that God had not created man, was applied by Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism applies to the society, by "Survival Of the Fittest", also brought up by Herbert Spencer. The affects of Social Darwinism, and this new age of Modern thought, brought upon education. Education of children flourished in the enlightenment as well, when there was a big quest for knowledge. The church was still fairly common with the schooling, but now in the era of modern thought, Kulturkampf, was becoming more and more popular, because of Bismarck. The church did not like this, but the state argued it needed a secularized education, because you need to a secular education to be useful.
Science was rising, and reading writing, and arithmetic was major skills. Skeptism arose soon after, questioning things taught in school, and the authority. The Skeptics questioned how life could be based one so-called truth. Ernest Mach questioned the reality of science, and said, "Scientists weren't studying the physical world, but the measurements of the physical world." Soon other scientists came out saying that the world was and should be regarded in an AS IF description, but not in truths, while in the enlightenment, the world was proven in truths, such as gallery. Gallery proved the Law of Gravity, and other astronomical laws. Still the enlightenment was just a study session for the Era of Modern Thought.
Although it is true that every idea in ever made in the Enlightenment, was questioned for legitimacy in the "Modern" world, they were also used as guide lines to build many other ideas. Nietzsche, other philosophes to in a sense mock them, only to prove his own genius. Every man knew that the basis of his work lie in the theories formed hundreds of years ago, from the men of the enlightenment.
Free research essays on topics related to: nietzsche, enlightenment, social darwinism, voltaire, physical world
Research essay sample on Social Darwinism Physical World
