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Example research essay topic: Form Of Government China And Japan - 1,045 words

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... y behind the United States, Japans economy differs from that of China due to the governments minimal role in the economy. In Japan, the resources are always distributed through private channels rather than through the government, as in the case of China (Pilat, 177). The government only plays a role in the economy by actually allocating public investment and by consulting with businesses.

Japans mixed economic system is responsible for the rapid rate of economic growth, especially after WWII. Japan is one of the worlds largest producers of automobiles, steel and high-technology manufactured goods (Pilat, 153). Japan exports over 500 billion dollars a year worth of commodities in contrast to 148 billion for China. This is extremely remarkable being that the size of Japan is comparable to the size of California while China is comparable to the size of the United States (Japan Fact Book).

Japan exports machinery, automobiles and electronic equipment while they import 330 billion dollars of commodities such as foodstuffs, raw materials and fossil fuels (Japan Fact book). The willingness of Japan to trade with other countries is also one of the reasons why they are at the forefront of the economic ladder. The third and final differentiating aspect between China and Japan, as well as the most important, is government. China has a communist form of government that has been installed since the days of Mao Zedong in the late 1950 s.

The Chinese Communist Party is the part in power now since president Jiang Zemin is the general secretary of the party. The communist party is the supreme repository of institutional power in China (Magstadt, 367). The President and the Vice President of China are elected by the National Peoples Congress for a term of five years. It is the job of the President to appoint the Premier and other members of State Council, issue orders of special pardons, proclaim martial law, proclaim a state of war, ratify treaties and receive foreign diplomatic representatives on behalf of the Peoples Republic of China (Charlton, 186).

The National Peoples Congress, consisting of about 3000 deputies, is supposed to be, under article 57 of the Chinese Constitution, the highest organ of state power (Charlton, 185). Due to the large size of the Congress though, they only meet once a year and do not play an influential role in the creation of laws. The head of the government though, oddly enough, is not the President of China, but the Premier. The Premier, Li Peng, is in charge of the State Council which is the chief executive organ of the government in China. The Premier, along with the State Council, drafts laws, supervises the state beaurocracy, devises economic plans and constructs the national budget (Magstadt, 367). The main problem with the government in China is that the communist party rejects elections as a valid measure of either legitimacy or popular support (Charlton, 228).

Moreover, the size of China as well as its diversity contribute to tensions within the party due to the fact that 1 billion people cannot possibly agree with a small groups thought on how the country should be run. In sharp contrast to the Chinese form of government, Japan has a parliamentary form of government. The political authority in the parliamentary form of Japanese government rests with the prime minister and the cabinet. The Emperor is the chief of state but holds no power with the government other than appointing the prime minister, who is first designated by the Diet, appointing the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, promulgating laws and treaties and awarding state honors, all with the approval of the cabinet (Charlton, 166). The Diet hold all legislative powers in the government and is popularly elected and consists of two houses, The House of Representatives which has precedence over the House of Councillors. The Prime Minister chooses the twenty cabinet members who are in charge of the annual budget.

As opposed to the communist form of government in China, Japan makes decisions based on consensus. The decisions, also in contrast to China, is made by the body of government which the citizens have elected where as in the National Peoples Congress in China, the body that the citizens voted for do not make any influential decisions (Charlton, 185). One of the most important differences between Japan and Chinas form of government is the ability of Japans citizens to form political parties. In China, the communist party rules over all. There are eight other small registered political parties but they are all controlled by the communist party. In Japan, freedom to organize political parties is guaranteed by the constitution (Japan Fact Book).

Parties in Japan include the Liberal Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party, Japan Communist Party, New Peace Party, The New Liberal Club and The Clean Government Party. One can see the diversity of the people in Japan in that there are conservative as well as liberal parties involved in the process. With Japans population at over 125 million and Chinas at over 1 billion, one would think that there would exist more than one ideological thought in China other After noting the differences between the two great nations, it is difficult to believe that they belong to the same region. Both China and Japan have the capability of becoming a superpower with Japan closer to achieving the goal than is China.

China does have the human resources possible but would have to improve economically as well as attempt to represent a larger scope of the people within its boundaries. Japan is not only fit economically but also possesses a stable form of government that can be modeled after by other countries attempting to become capitalist societies trying to reach democratic ideals. The emergence of both nations as superpowers is something the rest of the world should anticipate because the sleeping giants will awaken eventually. Bibliography: Minami, Ryoshin; The Economic Development of China; St. Martins Press, New York, NY; 1994. Pilat, Dirk; The Economics of Rapid Growth; Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Brookfield, VT; 1994.

Charlton, Sue Ellen; Comparing Asian Politics; Westview Press, Boulder, CO; 1997. Magstadt, Thomas; Nations and Governments; St. Martins Press, New York, NY; 1998. China Online; web America Online, 1999. Japan Fact Book; web America Online, 1999.


Free research essays on topics related to: china and japan, communist party, billion dollars, prime minister, form of government

Research essay sample on Form Of Government China And Japan

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