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Technology development has made a great change, digitization of TV signals leads to a huge increase of more channels available, specially on terrestrial, satellite, interactive TV and other convergence of various media such as broadcasting, publishing and computers. They are all forms of multimedia development of high-definition wide-screen TV. Such kind of great developments are leading to powerful economic interests and are providing opportunities for huge sums of profits in these wide expanding markets. Although such problems as program designs in broadcasting occur, however a resolution has fitted in. The main problems in digital TV are however concerned by the broadcasters, the audiences and the government. As for the broadcasters, the problem occurs as such: How can the programs come from fill the existing channels?
This problem is one of the main and they want to resolve it when they get the film libraries, archival materials which includes backlogs of sitcoms, series and serials. However there is no doubt that such economic pressures will mean that cheap TV programs will have to reproduce itself. It is a fact that more channels in television doesnt mean there will have more different things but more same stuff. As for the viewers, the problem is that they will have to insert or buy a set top box to receive these standard digital terrestrial TV channels, the digital satellite TV and digital cable TV. Although they are all TV, but are three separate system. Viewers may not need to have three different set top box, however unless they choose to buy a new TV hardware.
As for the government, they have to assign a date of the switch over from analogue transmission to digital transmission. However, if the analogue is switched off, viewers without a digital transmission TV or a set top box would be unable to watch TV when their TV set is unable receive digital transmission, their TV would be a piece of rubbish after all. Although this is the case, investors in digital are keen to see a specific date for this analogue to digital switch over which would force the sale of these new digital hardware and services. This would be done by taking a period of time to soften the customers (TV viewers) burden as in financially, however this would destroy the investors good planning. (as in making money out of selling these set top box or digital hardware) Both choices arent too necessary, and leads the government into a self-contradictory situation.
As for a final resolution, the government would have both the analogue transmission and the digital transmission on cast over a period of time (7 years) and after that, they will remove the analogue transmission, which is forcing the viewers to buy this digital hardware. (From 2000 - 2007) Clearly, not every viewer could afford either these top box set or digital television due to the fact that it cost a huge sum of money. These people would find out that television has been priced out of their reach although prices will fall over in time. The changes limiting those who cannot afford to spend any more of their budget on television viewing will not stop at the new hardware necessary. The digital channels available on satellite will carry an increasing number of pay-per-view sporting events and other exclusives which will be encrypted and available only to subscribers. Many of these services will be aimed at an important section of the viewing public-males in the top economic categories of AB and C 1 whom the advertisers wish to attract because they are the people with spending power, many of whom still control the domestic purse-strings. Television companies will continue to spend their money buying up film rights and above all sports rights, golden oldies and other proven successes for theme subscription channels, and will also be racing to develop the new broadcast services such as the widely hyped interactive television home shopping, home banking, video on demand (VOD) and television access to the Internet to woo the largest slice of society with the largest slice of disposable income.
It is hard to see how those who cannot afford this exciting new television world will not become second-class viewers. Any interactive debate will be barred to them. In 1996 approximately five million households in Britain were still without a phone. How many households will be without a modem, a set top box, and the cash for the necessary subscriptions? The 1996 Broadcasting Act laid down regulations for the launch of digital terrestrial TV in the UK over the next ten to fifteen years, providing for the licensing of an anticipated eighteen digital channels on six multiplexes. Multiplexes are clusters of at least three TV channels carried on a single digital frequency.
Under the proposals, broadcasters and other media companies will be able to bid for licenses as multiplex providers, offering a selection of digital programming. The existing ITV companies such as Carlton, Yorkshire, Tyne Tees, LWT and Granada, will be guaranteed half a multiplex each, and will be able to bid for additional capacity subject to a ceiling of 15 percent of the total television audience. In return, they must simulcast at least 80 percent of the existing ITV analogue schedule. The BBC has been awarded an entire multiplex. The proposals, when first published in a white paper in December 1995, appeared to satisfy all the big players in the television industry. The implications of such a monopoly for the viewer are centered around freedom of information, choice and access.
For all television companies with their individual investment in digital technology the issue of a standardized decoding system is a crucial financial one. Kick with its Telepiu partner Neth old developed the conditional access system D-box. Canal Plus and Bertelsmann are using Media Box. Neither of these are compatible with each other or the system developed by BskyB. The European Parliament is well ahead of the British government in voting for open access to conditional with access system, for published tariffs applicable equally to all, and for an arbitration mechanism and legal recourse to the EU judicial system for any alleged transgression by the gatekeepers of digital TV. The industry commissioner for the European Commission, Martin Bangeman, called Europe's key media companies to a meeting as early as June 1995 to plan for a common digital interface.
Although the EC is optimistic that they have the industry's support for a common standard whatever decoder is chosen, the single system will have an enormous impact on the power bases of these companies. This has wider implications than the control of broadcasting: digital technology is the platform for the convergence of broadcasting, publishing, computers and telecommunications. For this reason it is essential that there are many diverse and equally powerful of the future who will allow for the widest choice and access of ever-electronic communication, information and entertainment. In conclusion, as for new development in digital technology, it should be based on places which are civilized enough or having enough financial support to have these new systems. As for final resolution, terrestrial and digital transmission should be on cast as long as anyone is still using analogue system even though they might not get the benefit from digital systems, however its better than not allowed to watch anything. References 1) Hood, Stuart and Garrett OLeary Questions of Broadcasting (London: Methuen, 1990).
A review of governmental broadcasting policy from the 1960 s and an assessment of future developments based on interviews with those most closely involved. 2) Murroni, Cristina, Richard Collins and Anna Coote (eds) Converging Communications, Policies for the 21 st Century (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 1996). A discussion of the problems of regulation in the age of cross-media ownership and digital broadcasting. 3) Report of the Committee on Financing the BBC (London: HMSO, 1986). The report of the Peacock Committee, setting out the market-based approach to broadcasting. 4) Shaw cross, William Murdoch (London: Chat & Windus, 1992). An authoritative biography of the media tycoon. 5) Williams, Glanville Britains Media How they are related (London: Campaign for Freedom of Press and Broadcasting, 1994). A clear description of cross ownership and the interlocking structures of the media industry. 6) web 7) web 8) web 9) web
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