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Example research essay topic: Biography Of Female Tennis Pro Billie Jean Moffitt - 1,071 words

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Billie Jean Moffitt was born November 22, 1943 in Long Beach, California. She was named Billie Jean for her who was a Navy man who served in World War II. In 1948 Billies brother Randy was born. At a young age Billie developed an interest in softball, basketball, and football. She was given the name Tom Boy, a name given to girls who happen to like sports better than little girl things. Her mother suggested a more feminine sport.

Billie decided to play tennis. She saved up money for her first racquet by doing odd jobs around her neighborhood. She bought her first racquet when she was 10 years old. Billie took lessons at a public park in Long Beach with Mr. Clyde Walker.

Mr. Walker taught her how to hit the ball, and immediately Billie knew she would love tennis. Billie Jeans parents clearly spelled out neatness, discipline, patriotism, and right and wrong. They also instilled in their children a desire to win. Everyday Billie played tennis and her brother, Randy, played baseball at the park. Randy later became a pitcher for the San Francisco Giants.

Billie entered her first tournament at age 11. When the picture of the players in the tournament was going to be taken, she was asked to stay out of the picture because she was not wearing a tennis dress. This left a deep impression on the 11 year old, and she decided then and there that someday she would make some changes in tennis. (Church, 1976) Tennis had been played for hundreds of years before Billie Jean discovered it. In the courts of Persia and in the castles of the Middle Ages, it was first played with a hand glove, then with a paddle, and later with a racquet.

From the very earliest times, tennis had been associated with the upper class. Rules and etiquette surrounding the game were very strict and prissy: only white could be worn; no one could shout at matches; only polite quiet applause was allowed. Too bad that such a marvelous sport as tennis was surrounded with such stuffiness. (Decor, 1982) Billie Jeans career had been a career of firsts. In 1968 she was the first woman of the open era to sign a pro contract to tour in a female tournament group with three other women and six men.

A few women before King had turned pro to make head to head barnstorming tours, notably Suzanne Lenglen and Mary K. Browne, 1926 - 27; Alice Marble and Mary Hardwick, 1941; Pauline Betz and Sarah Palfrey Fabyan Cooke, 1947; and Althea Gibson and Karol Fageros, 1960. (Barrett, 1998, PS XI) In 1973, in the climate of antagonism. It was inevitable that women players would see a need to organize. Billie Jean and Gladys Heldman worked together to form the Womens Tennis Association, and together they also started the Virginia Slims tour.

The next step for womens tennis was the amount of prize-money being offered at tournaments. Billie spoke out about the scanty prize-money women were receiving for equal ability and effort. Her efforts in this concern led to the offer from a major U. S.

drug manufacturer of a sizeable sum of money to make the purses at Forest Hills equal for both men and women. In the years that followed, the professional game grew greatly. Commercial organizations noticed the attraction of associating their companies with the sport. As management companies signed up the top women players and negotiated ever-bigger clothing, shoe, and racquet contracts, they began to see the sense in buying existing tournaments and creating new ones. (Barrett, 1998) Between 1981 and 1994 NEC supported the Federation Cup and KB (A Czech banking group) adopted the Davis Cup. Today womens tennis can be seen on any sports channel.

The money gap is slowly becoming better for women. In 1968, at Wimbledon, a womens tennis player would only take home 750 pounds and a mens tennis player would take home 2, 000 pounds. Last year, at Wimbledon, Pete Samprass prize was 415, 000 pounds and Martina Hingis won 373, 000 pounds. The U. S. Open is the only open offering equal pay for men and women.

This year worldwide, men will play for 63, 500, 000 dollars and women will play for 40, 000, 000 dollars. Women of tennis believe a strong independent tour would allow women to receive equal pay and more sponsorship, because too close an association with mens tennis might dilute their own product. Some new womens stars are American sisters Venus and Serena Williams, Anna Kournikova of Russia, and Mirjana Lucia of Croatia. (Barrett, 1998) Billie Jeans first tournament had been Wimbledon in 1961. She was a senior in high school and missed her graduation exercises to attend the tournament. Billie Jean and Karen Handle won the womens doubles crown that year. When Billie returned to the U.

S. she was determined to become number one. In 1962 Billie returned to Wimbledon and she found herself playing against the top womens player, Margaret Smith. Everyone expected Margaret to win the match, but Billie shocked the world of tennis by beating Margaret 7 - 5.

In 1963 Margaret beat Billie at Wimbledon, which led Billie to Australia to take an intense and concentrated course on tennis. (Church, 1976) By the time Wimbledon of 1966 began, she had become number one in the U. S. She went on to win Wimbledon's singles and became number one in the world. The 1967 Wimbledon was a time for Billie to prove she still was the best womens tennis player. She won a triple crown in 1967. No one person had won in all three categories at Wimbledon since 1951. (Church, 1976) In the United States championships games, she again won a triple crown.

She was named Outstanding Woman Athlete of 1967. One year later Billie signed a contract for 45, 000 dollars, and went pro. Turning pro for Billie meant more games, more cities, and more injuries, which made her exhausted frequently. She continued to play tennis and in 1972, she won Wimbledon's single, the U. s. Opens singles, the French Open, and the Australian Open.

For this feat, Sports Illustrated magazine named her Sportswomen of the Year, and Sports magazine deemed her Tennis player of the Year. (A& E, 2001) In a career encompassing the amateur and open eras, Billie won 67 pro and 37 amateur sin...


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